nivāsān kalpayāṁ cakre
prajānāṁ vṛttidaḥ pitā
nivāsān kalpayāṁ cakre
tatra tatra yathārhataḥ
The Supreme Lord, son of Vena, the father of the progeny, supplier of maintenance, made houses for the citizens here and there on this planet, suitable to the people.
|| 4.18.31 ||
grāmān puraḥ pattanāni
durgāṇi vividhāni ca
ghoṣān vrajān sa-śibirān
ākarān kheṭa-kharvaṭān
He produced villages, towns, cities, forts of various types, cowherd villages, cow sheds, military installations, mines, and agricultural mountain villages.
Grāmas are villages without markets. Puras have markets. When a pura becomes large it is a pattana. He made various forts. Bṛhaspati says audakaṁ pārvataṁ vārkṣam airiṇaṁ dhānvanaṁ tathā: a fortress can be protected by water, mountains, trees, barren land or desert. Ghoṣāṇ means the places of the cowherds. Vrajān means places for cows. Śibirān means for soldiers. Ākarān means mines for producing gold and silver. Kheṭa means agricultural villages near the mountains.
|| 4.18.32 ||
prāk pṛthor iha naivaiṣā
pura-grāmādi-kalpanā
yathā-sukhaṁ vasanti sma
tatra tatrākutobhayāḥ
Before the time of Pṛthu there was no arrangement of town and villages. People lived here and there as they liked without fear.
Thus ends the commentary on the Eighteenth Chapter of the Fourth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas.
Chapter Nineteen
Indra Disturbs Pṛthu’s Sacrifice
|| 4.19.1 ||
maitreya uvāca
athādīkṣata rājā tu
hayamedha-śatena saḥ
brahmāvarte manoḥ kṣetre
yatra prācī sarasvatī
Maitreya said: At Manu’s place called Brahmāvarta where the Sarasvatī River turns east, Pṛthu prepared to perform a hundred horse sacrifices.
The Nineteenth Chapter describes how Indra, stealing the sacrificial horse, created heretics, and how Brahmā stopped the priests from killing him.
The place made by the devatās between the Sarasvatī and Dṛśadvatī Rivers is called Brahmāvarta. Haya-medha-śatena means “for the purpose of performing a hundred horse sacrifices.”
|| 4.19.2 ||
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