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nirātmātmātmanaḥ paraḥ
sarva-go 'nāvṛtaḥ sākṣī
nirātmātmātmanaḥ paraḥ
The Paramātmā is pure, self-revealing, beyond the material guṇas, the shelter of the guṇas, all-pervading, uncovered by matter, the witness of all things, independent of all others, and different from the jīva and his body.
He teaches knowledge of Paramātmā, caused by detachment, for those absorbed in ātma-jñāna. The Paramātmā (ātmā) is different (paraḥ) from the body and the jīva (ātmanaḥ). He is one, whereas the jīvas and their bodies are unlimited in number. The jīva is impure without knowledge, and covered by the guṇas, whereas the Paramātmā is pure, with knowledge and without material guṇas. Because he produces the guṇas and is independent of them, he is called the shelter of the guṇas. The jīva is not pervading everywhere, since he has a material body and conforms to it. The jīva is covered by house and other objects. The jīva is not the witness because he is often unconscious and has clouded vision. The jīva is a small conscious entity, dependent on Paramātmā, whereas the Paramātmā is the greateset conscious entity and independent of the jīva (nirātmā). Thus nine qualities distinguish the Paramātmā from the jīva and his body. By this statement as well, nine differences between the jīva and his body are shown.
|| 4.20.8 ||
ya evaṁ santam ātmānam
ātma-sthaṁ veda pūruṣaḥ
nājyate prakṛti-stho 'pi
tad-guṇaiḥ sa mayi sthitaḥ
The person who knows the Paramātmā situated in the self, though situated in the body, is not affected by guṇas of the body, since he is situated in me.
Though he is situated in the body (prakṛti-sthaḥ) he is not affected by the guṇas of the body. He is not situated in the body at all.
|| 4.20.9 ||
yaḥ sva-dharmeṇa māṁ nityaṁ
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