But even as the gopīs cried out in this way, Akrūra, having at sunrise performed His morning worship and other duties, began to drive the chariot.

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TRANSLATION

Other gopīs entirely stopped their sensory activities and became fixed in meditation on Kṛṣṇa. They lost all awareness of the external world, just like those who attain the platform of self-realization.

COMMENTARY

This verse describes the prema of Candrāvalī and other gopīs. Absorbed in meditation upon Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs’ senses stopped functioning. They lost all connection with their bodies and the world around them. The gopīs resembled persons who have realized the Supersoul in the sense that they lost all awareness of their material bodies. The Vraja-gopīs were not impersonalists, however, because they were actually relishing the sweetest taste of pure love of Godhead. The taste of kṛṣṇa-prema is completely different from the bliss of Brahman, like gold compared to glass.

|| 10.39.16 ||

smarantyaś cāparāḥ śaurer anurāga-smiteritāḥ

hṛdi-spṛśaś citra-padā giraḥ sammumuhuḥ striyaḥ

TRANSLATION

And still other young women fainted simply by remembering the words of Lord Śauri [Kṛṣṇa]. These words, decorated with wonderful phrases and expressed with affectionate smiles, would deeply touch the young girls’ hearts.

COMMENTARY

This verse describes the extremely intense prema of Rādhā and other sakhīs. Here Śukadeva Gosvāmī indicates his inclination toward the gopīs with the word śaureḥ which implies, “Kṛṣṇa, who now thinks of Himself as a kṣatriya descendant of Śūrasena (śaureḥ), wants to go away to Mathurā.” Rādhā and other gopīs became bewildered on remembering Kṛṣṇa’s astonishing words and affectio-nate gentle smiles indicating His attraction for them. Remembering such statements as na pāraye ’ham niravadya-saṁyujām (SB 10.32.22), the gopīs became completely baffled. The previously mentioned gopīs were bewildered by their concentrated meditation on Kṛṣṇa’s form. These gopīs however, became totally bewildered (sammumuhuḥ) simply by remembering Kṛṣṇa’s words. This shows the superiority of their prema.

|| 10.39.17-18 ||

gatiṁ su-lalitāṁ ceṣṭāṁ snigdha-hāsāvalokanam

śokāpahāni narmāṇi proddāma-caritāni ca

cintayantyo mukundasya bhītā viraha-kātarāḥ

sametāḥ saṅghaśaḥ procur aśru-mukhyo ’cyutāśayāḥ

TRANSLATION

The gopīs were frightened at the prospect of even the briefest separation from Lord Mukunda, so now, as they remembered His graceful gait, His pastimes, His affectionate, smiling glances, His heroic deeds and His joking words, which would relieve their distress, they were beside themselves with anxiety at the thought of the great separation about to come. They gathered in groups and spoke to one another, their faces covered with tears and their minds fully absorbed in Acyuta.

COMMENTARY

In this way, the Vraja-gopīs, tossed by the waves of prema, spent the night in the grips of such sañcārī-bhāvas as fainting (murccha). Gaining external consciousness through the strength of the sañcārī-bhāva of anxiety over whether they would ever see Kṛṣṇa again, the gopīs eagerly gathered at dawn in great longing before Nanda’s door. The gopīs, who feared even a moment’s (nimeṣa) separation from Kṛṣṇa, were now devastated thinking about the approaching lengthy separation. Meeting in different groups, they began conversing. [The gopīs’ talks (v. 19-31) expressing their love in separation are known as the “Viraha-gītā.”]

|| 10.39.19 ||

śrī-gopya ūcuḥ

aho vidhātas tava na kvacid dayā saṁyojya maitryā praṇayena dehinaḥ

tāṁś cākṛtārthān viyunaṅkṣy apārthakaṁ vikrīḍitaṁ te ’rbhaka-ceṣṭitaṁ yathā

TRANSLATION

The gopīs said: O Providence, you have no mercy! You bring embodied creatures together in friendship and love and then senselessly separate them before they fulfill their desires. This whimsical play of yours is like a child’s game.

COMMENTARY

As in the case of meeting Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs could not find any reason for Kṛṣṇa leaving them, so they began to criticize the Creator. “O Creator! Your act of injustice is astonishing.”

“What is so unjust?”

“You don’t have one drop of mercy. This is very unfair.”

“How have you concluded this?”

“You bring people together in friendship and intense mutual exchange of mind, life and intellect, and then separate them again without fulfilling their desires for enjoyment. Neither is there any purpose served by this act of separation of yours. Thus your whimsical act is just like the play of a child.”

|| 10.39.20 ||

yas tvaṁ pradarśyāsita-kuntalāvṛtaṁ mukunda-vaktraṁ su-kapolam un-nasam

śokāpanoda-smita-leśa-sundaraṁ karoṣi pārokṣyam asādhu te kṛtam

TRANSLATION

Having shown us Mukunda’s face, framed by dark locks and beautified by His fine cheeks, raised nose and gentle smiles, which eradicate all misery, you are now making that face invisible. This behavior of yours is not at all good.

COMMENTARY

“You should not compare me, the grandfather of everyone, to an inexperienced boy.”

Fearing such a response from the Creator, the gopīs said, “You give sorrow to the souls of this world. Though you are the Creator, you show us the beautiful, smiling face of Mukunda which removes all suffering, and then make it disappear. That is very bad.”

|| 10.39.21 ||

krūras tvam akrūra-samākhyayā sma naś cakṣur hi dattaṁ harase batājña-vat

yenaika-deśe ’khila-sarga-sauṣṭhavaṁ tvadīyam adrākṣma vayaṁ madhu-dviṣaḥ

TRANSLATION

O Providence, though you come here with the name Akrūra, you are indeed cruel, for like a fool you are taking away what you once gave us—those eyes with which we have seen, even in one feature of Lord Madhudviṣa’s form, the perfection of your entire creation.

COMMENTARY

“But (Providence might object) Akrūra is taking Kṛṣṇa to Mathurā, not I.”

The gopīs reply, “Though you are cruel (krūra), you have come with a name of the opposite meaning (Akrūra). No one except you could do such cruel work of taking away something you have given. You are taking away the same eyes which you gave us. This is just like a foolish person who, ignorant of piety and sin, takes away something he has previously given.”

Creator: “But I have come to take Kṛṣṇa, so why do you speak about your eyes?”

Gopīs: “In this case, by your taking away Kṛṣṇa, we are being blinded, and thus you are taking away our eyes. What else will we look at with these eyes which have seen the pinnacle of all beauty in the face and eyes of Madhusūdana? Therefore we will become blind!”

|| 10.39.22 ||

na nanda-sūnuḥ kṣaṇa-bhaṅga-sauhṛdaḥ samīkṣate naḥ sva-kṛtāturā bata

vihāya gehān sva-janān sutān patīṁs tad-dāsyam addhopagatā nava-priyaḥ

TRANSLATION

Alas, Nanda’s son, who breaks loving friendships in a second, will not even look directly at us. Forcibly brought under His control, we abandoned our homes, relatives, children and husbands just to serve Him, but He is always looking for new lovers.

COMMENTARY

The gopīs said, “Alas, alas! Kṛṣṇa, the sole object of our love and the cause of our life, is indifferent to us. Why are we blaming the Creator? How has He broken this very strong bond of love? Friendship broken in an instant cannot be real friendship. Though Kṛṣṇa has brought us to the point of death, He does not even look at us. He has decided to go to Mathurā for His own happiness, even though we will continuously cry and eventually die. To become Kṛṣṇa’s maidservants we gave up our homes, husbands and sons. But now He is giving us up and going away because He has new lovers and we have become useless. Thus in this life we achieve nothing for we have left our husbands and lost Kṛṣṇa, and in the next life we will suffer for having broken the laws of dharma.”

|| 10.39.23 ||

sukhaṁ prabhātā rajanīyam āśiṣaḥ satyā babhūvuḥ pura-yoṣitāṁ dhruvam

yāḥ saṁpraviṣṭasya mukhaṁ vrajas-pateḥ pāsyanty apāṅgotkalita-smitāsavam

TRANSLATION

The dawn following this night will certainly be auspicious for the women of Mathurā. All their hopes will now be fulfilled, for as the Lord of Vraja enters their city, they will be able to drink from His face the nectar of the smile emanating from the corners of His eyes.

COMMENTARY

The gopīs said, “Ah, this is so astonishing! While we have become unfortunate, the ladies of Mathurā have become supremely fortunate. This night will have an auspicious morning for the women of Mathurā, but an inauspicious one for the women of Vraja. The blessings given to them by the brāhmaṇas, or their long standing aspirations, have been fulfilled, whereas ours have become frustrated. The women of Mathurā will relish the intoxicating (asava) nectar of the smile emanating from the corners of Kṛṣṇa’s eyes, which intimate a variety of confidential rasas. Instantly the women of Mathurā will abandon their propriety, shyness and fear to accept these hints. Then at a suitable time unseen by others, they will directly and fully drink the nectar of Kṛṣṇa’s face.”

|| 10.39.24 ||

tāsāṁ mukundo madhu-mañju-bhāṣitair gṛhīta-cittaḥ para-vān manasvy api

kathaṁ punar naḥ pratiyāsyate ’balā grāmyāḥ salajja-smita-vibhramair bhraman

TRANSLATION

O gopīs, although our Mukunda is intelligent and very obedient to His parents, once He has fallen under the spell of the honey—sweet words of the women of Mathurā and been enchanted by their alluring, shy smiles, how will He ever return to us unsophisticated village girls?

COMMENTARY

One gopī said, “Perhaps Kṛṣṇa will stay there a few days, and then being attracted by our love, He will come back with His parents.” In reply to this they speak this verse.

A second gopī replied, “O foolish woman! You do not know the truth. Listen! Though Kṛṣṇa is obliged to His parents, being overwhelmed by the honey-sweet words of the women of Mathurā and bewildered by their shy enchantments, how will He return to us? Why do you give useless hope to the minds of us village women (grāmyāḥ) who are devoid of beauty, arts and strength (abalā)?”

First gopī: “That may be, but you should have faith that Kṛṣṇa will return out of a sense of duty when He intelligently remembers His parents.”

Second gopī: “But Kṛṣṇa will become so bewildered by their shy smiles and amorous suggestions that He will forget all of that.”

|| 10.39.25 ||

adya dhruvaṁ tatra dṛśo bhaviṣyate

dāśārha-bhojāndhaka-vṛṣṇi-sātvatām

mahotsavaḥ śrī-ramaṇaṁ guṇāspadaṁ

drakṣyanti ye cādhvani devakī-sutam

TRANSLATION

When the Dāśārhas, Bhojas, Andhakas, Vṛṣṇis and Sātvatas see the son of Devakī in Mathurā, they will certainly enjoy a great festival for their eyes, as will all those who see Him traveling along the road to the city. After all, He is the darling of the goddess of fortune and the reservoir of all transcendental qualities.

COMMENTARY

A gopī said, “Today the people of Mathurā will attain the bliss that the inhabitants of Vraja had. There will be a festival for the eyes of the Dāśārhas, Bhojas and others, and all who see Kṛṣṇa traveling on the road.”

|| 10.39.26 ||

maitad-vidhasyākaruṇasya nāma bhūd akrūra ity etad atīva dāruṇaḥ

yo ’sāv anāśvāsya su-duḥkhitam janaṁ priyāt priyaṁ neṣyati pāram adhvanaḥ

TRANSLATION

He who is doing this merciless deed should not be called Akrūra. He is so extremely cruel that without even trying to console the sorrowful residents of Vraja, he is taking away Kṛṣṇa, who is more dear to us than life itself.

COMMENTARY

In this verse the gopīs curse Akrūra: “It is not proper that such a person as this (etat-vidhasya) has the name Akrūra (not cruel), because he is extremely cruel. His name should be Krūra. He has not consoled even one of the Vrajavāsīs, who are suffering on the brink of death, by saying, ‘Í will bring Kṛṣṇa back and present Him once again to you.’ This Akrūra will accrue the sin of murdering the people of Vraja. He is taking Kṛṣṇa, who is more dear than our life, to a far away place where we cannot go.”

|| 10.39.27 ||

anārdra-dhīr eṣa samāsthito rathaṁ tam anv amī ca tvarayanti durmadāḥ

gopā anobhiḥ sthavirair upekṣitaṁ daivaṁ ca no ’dya pratikūlam īhate

TRANSLATION

Hard-hearted Kṛṣṇa has already mounted the chariot, and now the foolish cowherds are hurrying after Him in their bullock carts. Even the elders are saying nothing to stop Him. Today fate is working against us.

COMMENTARY

“Just see how Akrūra has come to Vraja and spread his cruelty in all directions!”

The gopīs express this in this verse: “Though seeing us crying, the hard-hearted Kṛṣṇa simply sits on the chariot. Śrīdāma and other cowherd boys are following behind Kṛṣṇa in a cart. But they have become very foolish, because they are not aware that when Kṛṣṇa does not return to Vraja, they will also die in separation. Even the elders do not stop Him from going and thus neglect their own lives. Today fate has been unkind to us. If fate was acting in our favor, it would have produced some obstacle to His going. Thus we can deduce that the inhabitants of Vraja will no longer live.”

|| 10.39.28 ||

nivārayāmaḥ samupetya mādhavaṁ kiṁ no ’kariṣyan kula-vṛddha-bāndhavāḥ

mukunda-saṅgān nimiṣārdha-dustyajād daivena vidhvaṁsita-dīna-cetasām

TRANSLATION

Let us directly approach Mādhava and stop Him from going. What can our family elders and other relatives do to us? Now that fate is separating us from Mukunda, our hearts are already wretched, for we cannot bear to give up His association even for a fraction of a second.

COMMENTARY

After discussing everything thoroughly with one another, the gopīs became emboldened and openly revealed the ecstasy swirling in their hearts. The gopīs said, “Let us go right up to Kṛṣṇa and pull at His clothes and hands and insist that He stay here with us. We will tell Him, ‘Our dear one! O exclusive darling of our lives! Get down from the chariot, get down! Don’t bring upon Yourself the sinful reaction for murdering so many women!’”

“But if we do that,” said other gopīs, “Seeing the extreme boldness of us, who are girls of respectable families, the people will laugh at us, and the village elders will discover our secret love for Kṛṣṇa and abandon us. Seeing all this, our friends will also reject us.”

“But what can they do to us?” replied one gopī.

“Yes, our lives are already wretched now that Kṛṣṇa is leaving. We have nothing to lose.”

“That’s right. We will remain in the Vṛndāvana forest just like presiding goddesses, and then we can fulfill our true desire—to stay with Kṛṣṇa in the forest.”

“Yes, and even if the elders and our relatives punish us by beating us or locking us up, we can still live happily with the knowledge that Kṛṣṇa is residing in our village. Some of our girlfriends who are not imprisoned will cleverly find a way to bring us Kṛṣṇa’s prasadi pān and garlands, and then we can remain alive. But if Kṛṣṇa is not stopped, we will certainly die.”

|| 10.39.29 ||

yasyānurāga-lalita-smita-valgu-mantra

līlāvaloka-parirambhaṇa-rāsa-goṣṭhām

nītāḥ sma naḥ kṣaṇam iva kṣaṇadā vinā taṁ

gopyaḥ kathaṁ nv atitarema tamo durantam

TRANSLATION

When He brought us to the assembly of the rāsa dance, where we enjoyed His affectionate and charming smiles, His delightful secret talks, His playful glances and His embraces, we passed many nights as if they were a single moment. O gopīs, how can we possibly cross over the insurmountable darkness of His absence?

COMMENTARY

The gopīs said, “There are other reasons for stopping Him also. During the rāsa dance we enjoyed His affectionate playful smiles, attractive intimate talks (valgu-mantra) and secret meetings. Without Kṛṣṇa, how can we cross the dark ocean of separation whose far shore cannot be seen? In the bliss of Kṛṣṇa’s company a thousand nights passed in a moment. But in the misery of His separation each moment will feel like a thousand ages. How will we find the strength to pass the many nights that now await us in the future?”

|| 10.39.30 ||

yo ’hnaḥ kṣaye vrajam ananta-sakhaḥ parīto

gopair viśan khura-rajaś-churitālaka-srak

veṇuṁ kvaṇan smita-katākṣa-nirīkṣaṇena

cittaṁ kṣiṇoty amum ṛte nu kathaṁ bhavema

TRANSLATION

How can we exist without Ananta’s friend Kṛṣṇa, who in the evening would return to Vraja in the company of the cowherd boys, His hair and garland powdered with the dust raised by the cows’ hooves? As He played His flute, He would captivate our minds with His smiling sidelong glances.

COMMENTARY

The gopīs said, “Moreover, we will die this very evening. At the end of the day, Kṛṣṇa, that friend of Balarāma, would vibrate His flute while entering Vraja, gaze upon our breasts, and captivate our hearts with His sidelong glances. How will we live without Kṛṣṇa? If we do not receive that glance this evening, how will we maintain our lives?”

|| 10.39.31 ||

śrī-śuka uvāca

evaṁ bruvāṇā virahāturā bhṛśaṁ vraja-striyaḥ kṛṣṇa-viṣakta-mānasāḥ

visṛjya lajjāṁ ruruduḥ sma su-svaraṁ govinda dāmodara mādhaveti

TRANSLATION

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After speaking these words, the ladies of Vraja, who were so attached to Kṛṣṇa, felt extremely agitated by their imminent separation from Him. They forgot all shame and loudly cried out, “O Govinda! O Dāmodara! O Mādhava!”

COMMENTARY

After lamenting and discussing in this way, the gopīs gathered together to make Kṛṣṇa get down from the chariot. However, due to the pain of separation they could neither move a step nor utter clear words.

“O Govinda! Please take (vinda:labhasva) all of our thousands of senses (go) such as our minds and eyes. They are going away in Your association, so please be merciful and take them. Let our senses remain yoked to the bull of Your mind and thus protect them and do not neglect them. If our bodies are not suitable for meeting with You, and You do not return to us, then right here we will give up our bodies.”

“If You desire You may incur the sin of murdering women, but don’t kill that mother of Yours, the divine Queen of Vraja, by whose love You even allowed Yourself to be bound with ropes (dāmodara). Yaśodā will die for sure if You do not return within two days. Please do not take on the sin of matricide.” The gopīs express this train of thought by exclaiming, “O Dāmodara.”

The gopīs said, “O Mādhava (husband of Lakṣmī-devī)! You are not our husband (dhava), but You are our boyfriend. As our husband, You would not be at fault if You protected or destroyed us, because we would be Your property. But we are others’ property. Therefore, You should not allow Yourself to commit the sin of destroying another’s possessions.”

|| 10.39.32 ||

strīṇām evaṁ rudantīnām udite savitary atha

akrūraś codayām āsa kṛta-maitrādiko ratham

TRANSLATION

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