The Gopīs Sing of Kṛṣṇa as He Wanders in the Forest (Yugala-gītā)

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Chapter Thirty-five

The Gopīs Sing of Kṛṣṇa as He Wanders in the Forest (Yugala-gītā)

|| 10.35.1 ||

śrī-śuka uvāca

gopyaḥ kṛṣṇe vanaṁ yāte tam anudruta-cetasaḥ

kṛṣṇa-līlāḥ pragāyantyo ninyur duḥkhena vāsarān

TRANSLATION

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Whenever Kṛṣṇa went to the forest, the minds of the gopīs would run after Him, and thus the young girls sadly spent their days singing of His pastimes.

COMMENTARY

In this chapter, the gopīs, pining in separation from Kṛṣṇa, spend their days remembering Him by reciting twelve pairs of verses known as the Yugala-gītā.

The gopīs’ prema, in order to nourish itself, divided itself into two parts: the coolness of direct enjoyment with Kṛṣṇa in the moonlight, and the heat of separation from Him in the day time. The gopīs spent their nights as previously described, directly associating with Kṛṣṇa by singing and dancing, conversing, kissing and relishing conjugal rasa. In the daytime, they could only associate with Kṛṣṇa by thinking of Him. Drinking the nectar of Kṛṣṇa’s flute song, the gopīs became immersed in the rasa of separation. When Kṛṣṇa went to the forest to herd the cows, the gopīs’ minds chased after Him (tam anudruta-cetasaḥ).

|| 10.35.2-3 ||

śrī-gopya ūcuḥ

vāma-bāhu-kṛta-vāma-kapolo valgita-bhrur adharārpita-veṇum

komalāṅgulibhir āśrita-mārgaṁ gopya īrayati yatra mukundaḥ

vyoma-yāna-vanitāḥ saha siddhair vismitās tad upadhārya sa-lajjāḥ

kāma-mārgaṇa-samarpita-cittāḥ kaśmalaṁ yayur apasmṛta-nīvyaḥ

TRANSLATION

The gopīs said: When Mukunda vibrates the flute He has placed to His lips, stopping its holes with His tender fingers, He rests His left cheek on His left arm and makes His eyebrows dance. At that time the demigoddesses traveling in the sky with their husbands, the Siddhas, become amazed. As those ladies listen, they are embarrassed to find their minds yielding to the pursuit of lusty desires, and in their distress they are unaware that the belts of their garments are loosening.

COMMENTARY

While herding His cows in the Vṛndāvana forest, Kṛṣṇa played His flute to announce His arrival and to console the trees, creepers, birds and beasts suffering in separation from Him. The gopīs, overwhelmed in waves of ecstasy from hearing that flute sound, spoke to their friends in twelve pairs of verses.

Kṛṣṇa rested His left cheek on His left shoulder in order to play the gamakas (vibrato) in the ascending and descending modes of the rāgas. At that time Kṛṣṇa placed His right shank over His left shank to assume a charming three-fold bending form, which enchanted the three worlds. Kṛṣṇa tilted His neck, rested the flute on His lower lip, and made His eyebrows dance to attract the attention of Subala and others to the skillfulness of His songs. What type of flute was it? It was equipped with seven holes which were covered by Kṛṣṇa’s fingers. Because Kṛṣṇa never worked, His lotus petal-like fingers were softer than those of other men, but they were somewhat harder than His other limbs.

The wives of the Siddhas flying in the sky, though accompanied by their husbands, became astonished upon hearing the sound of the flute. “We have never heard such enchanting flute playing before, which totally bewilders us, even though we are chaste ladies!” Their husbands thought, “Even though we are men, this flute bewilders us too, and makes us assume the mentality of women.”

The celestial women became embarrassed in the presence of their husbands and thought, “Our husbands, seeing our agitation, will have doubts about us.” The husbands on the other hand became embarrassed, thinking, “Having given up our male identity and adopted female identities, our wives will have doubts about us.”

The celestial ladies and their husbands the Siddhas then succumbed to the arrows of lust. Seeing the arrows of love for Kṛṣṇa approaching quickly the wives said, “O arrows of love for Kṛṣṇa! Quickly pierce these hearts which have been offered to you. Let us give up our faithfulness to our husbands and let Kṛṣṇa enjoy with us!” The husbands said, “As we have given up our manhood and our status as demigods, immediately turn us into gopīs and enjoy with us.’’ Both the women and their husbands became stunned due to the torment of the arrows of lust. The same feelings appeared in both parties at once. Therefore, the women’s belts became loosened without their knowing, and the men’s clothes and hair became loose without their knowing.

Thus the gopīs imply, “If the demigoddesses and even the demigods reach such an unprecedented state, then why are we, who are human beings, and moreover cowherd girls living with Kṛṣṇa in the same village, and who have already had His intimate association, standing here without His company? Therefore, my dear sakhīs, even while our husbands and relatives watch and scold us, let us enter the forest of Vṛndāvana and enjoy with the beloved of our lives.” This is the implication at the end of each pair of verses.

|| 10.35.4-5 ||

hanta citram abalāḥ śṛṇutedaṁ hāra-hāsa urasi sthira-vidyut

nanda-sūnur ayam ārta-janānāṁ narma-do yarhi kūjita-veṇuḥ

vṛndaśo vraja-vṛṣā mṛga-gāvo veṇu-vādya-hṛta-cetasa ārāt

danta-daṣṭa-kavalā dhṛta-karṇā nidritā likhita-citram ivāsan

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