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How, then, could the Lord of all created beings—animals, men and demigods—have any connection with the piety and impiety that affect His subject creatures?
Содержание книги
- This night is quite frightening, and frightening creatures are lurking about. Return to Vraja, slender-waisted girls. This is not a proper place for women.
- Not finding you at home, your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands are certainly searching for you. Don’t cause anxiety for your family members.
- The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
- For a woman from a respectable family, petty adulterous affairs are always condemned. They bar her from heaven, ruin her reputation and bring her difficulty and fear.
- Lord Keśava, seeing the gopīs too proud of their good fortune, wanted to relieve them of this pride and show them further mercy. Thus He immediately disappeared.
- The Gopīs Search for Kṛṣṇa
- O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?
- O most kind tulasī, to whom the feet of Govinda are so dear, have you seen that infallible one walk by, wearing you and encircled by swarms of bees?
- O mālati, O mallikā, O jāti and yūthikā, has Mādhava gone by here, giving you pleasure with the touch of His hand?
- Having spoken these words, the gopīs, distraught from searching for Kṛṣṇa, began to act out His various pastimes, fully absorbed in thoughts of Him.
- Don’t be afraid of the wind and rain,” said one gopī. “I will save you.” And with that she lifted her shawl above her head.
- Then another gopī spoke up: My dear cowherd boys, look at this raging forest fire! Quickly close your eyes and I will easily protect you.
- O girls! The dust of Govinda’s lotus feet is so sacred that even Brahmā, Śiva and the goddess Ramā take that dust upon their heads to dispel sinful reactions.
- She cried out: O master! My lover! O dearmost, where are You? Where are You? Please, O mighty-armed one, O friend, show Yourself to Me, Your poor servant!
- She told them how Mādhava had given Her much respect, but how She then suffered dishonor because of Her misbehavior. The gopīs were extremely amazed to hear this.
- The gopīs again came to the bank of the Kālindī. Meditating on Kṛṣṇa and eagerly hoping He would come, they sat down together to sing of Him.
- The Gopīs Songs of Separation (Gopī-gītā)
- One gopī joyfully took Kṛṣṇa’s hand between her folded palms, and another placed His arm, anointed with sandalwood paste, on her shoulder.
- A slender gopī respectfully took in her joined hands the betel nut He had chewed, and another gopī, burning with desire, put His lotus feet on her breasts.
- One gopī, beside herself with loving anger, bit her lips and stared at Him with frowning eyebrows, as if to wound Him with her harsh glances.
- Kettledrums then resounded in the sky while flowers rained down and the chief Gandharvas and their wives sang Lord Kṛṣṇa’s spotless glories.
- In the midst of the dancing gopīs, Lord Kṛṣṇa appeared most brilliant, like an exquisite sapphire in the midst of golden ornaments.
- Expanding Himself us many times as there were cowherd women to associate with, the Supreme Lord, though self-satisfied, playfully enjoyed their company.
- Seeing that the gopīs were fatigued from conjugal enjoyment, my dear King, merciful Kṛṣṇa lovingly wiped their faces with His comforting hand.
- O faithful upholder of vows, please destroy our doubt by explaining to us what purpose the self-satisfied Lord of the Yadus had in mind when He behaved so contemptibly.
- How, then, could the Lord of all created beings—animals, men and demigods—have any connection with the piety and impiety that affect His subject creatures?
- When the Lord assumes a humanlike body to show mercy to His devotees, He engages in such pastimes as will attract those who hear about them to become dedicated to Him.
- Nanda Mahārāja Saved and Śaṅkhacūḍa Slain
- ukadeva Gosvāmī said: One day the cowherd men, eager to take a trip to worship Lord Śiva, traveled by bullock carts to the Ambikā forest.
- Nanda, Sunanda and the other greatly fortunate cowherds spent that night on the bank of the Sarasvatī, strictly observing their vows. They fasted, taking only water.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said:] My dear sir, you appear so wonderful, glowing with such great beauty. Who are you? And who forced you to assume this terrible body of a snake?
- O master of mystic power, O great personality, O Lord of the devotees, I surrender to You. Please command me as You will, O supreme God, Lord of all lords of the universe.
- Once Lord Govinda and Lord Rāma, the performers of wonderful feats, were playing in the forest at night with the young girls of Vraja.
- The Lords called out in reply, “Do not fear!” Then They picked up logs of the śala tree and quickly pursued that lowest of Guhyakas, who swiftly ran away.
- Lord Govinda chased the demon wherever he ran, eager to take his crest jewel. Meanwhile Lord Balarāma stayed with the women to protect them.
- The Gopīs Sing of Kṛṣṇa as He Wanders in the Forest (Yugala-gītā)
- The Slaying of Ariṣṭa, the Bull Demon
- When the Supreme Lord saw the cowherd community distraught and fleeing in fear, He calmed them, saying, “Don’t be afraid.” Then He called out to the bull demon as follows.
- You fool! What do you think you’re doing, you wicked rascal, frightening the cowherd community and their animals when I am here just to punish corrupt miscreants like you!
- Thus repulsed by the Supreme Lord, the bull demon got up and, breathing hard and sweating all over his body, again charged Him in a mindless rage.
- Having thus killed the bull demon Ariṣṭa, He who is a festival for the gopīs’ eyes entered the cowherd village with Balarāma.
- Upon hearing this, the master of the Bhojas became furious and lost control of his senses. He picked up a sharp sword to kill Vasudeva.
- Erect a wrestling ring with many surrounding viewing stands, and bring all the residents of the city and the outlying districts to see the open competition.
- You, elephant-keeper, my good man, should position the elephant Kuvalayāpīḍa at the entrance to the wrestling arena and have him kill my two enemies.
- Please go to Nanda’s village, where the two sons of Ānakadundubhi are living, and without delay bring Them here on this chariot.
- When these two have been killed, I will kill Vasudeva and all Their lamenting relatives—the Vṛṣṇis, Bhojas and Daśārhas.
- ukadeva Gosvāmī said: Having thus instructed Akrūra, King Kaṁsa dismissed his ministers and retired to his quarters, and Akrūra returned home.
- The Killing of the Demons Keśī and Vyoma
- The horse demon was so terrifying that his neighing frightened the demigods into leaving their heavenly kingdom. But by our good fortune You have enjoyed the sport of killing him.
- Subsequently I will see You appear as time personified, serving as Arjuna’s chariot driver and destroying entire armies of soldiers to rid the earth of her burden.
COMMENTARY
King Parīkṣit continues his inquiry: “If you argue that for the Supreme Lord there is no adharma (irreligion), then why would He perform such abominable acts? One cannot answer that He does so to fulfill His desires, because His desires are already fulfilled (āpta-kāmaḥ).”
Śukadeva Gosvāmī replied, “But in this avatāra, Kṛṣṇa must do these condemned activities.”
Parīkṣit Mahārāja: “Then how could Kṛṣṇa be the head of the Yadus (yadu-patiḥ) who follow the highest dharma? This is not only our (nah) doubt (śaṁśayaṁ) but the doubt of many people. Śrī Kṛṣṇa is āpta-kāmaḥ and ātmā-rāma, yet He enjoyed enthusiastically with the gopīs, who were the very form of prema and bliss. This is a very deep concept, so naturally people will have doubts. You yourself are totally committed to proper conduct (su-vrata), still you have become fully absorbed in Kṛṣṇa’s pastimes portraying such condemned behavior. This too creates another doubt (śaṁśayaṁ).”
|| 10.33.29 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca
dharma-vyatikramo dṛṣṭa īśvarāṇāṁ ca sāhasam
tejīyasāṁ na doṣāya vahneḥ sarva-bhujo yathā
TRANSLATION
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: The status of powerful controllers is not harmed by any apparently audacious transgression of morality we may see in them, for they are just like fire, which devours everything fed into it and remains unpolluted.
COMMENTARY
Though the demigods sometimes perform irreligious activities (adharma), they do not get reactions for them. What then to speak of the Supreme Lord? Śukadeva Gosvāmī answers Parīkṣit Mahārāja’s first question in six verses (29-34). “Though powerful controllers such as Śiva (īśvarāṇāṁ) commit immoral or irreligious acts (dharma-vyatikramo) out of rashness (sāhasam), they do not need to atone for those acts.”
|| 10.33.30 ||
naitat samācarej jātu manasāpi hy anīśvaraḥ
vinaśyaty ācaran mauḍhyād yathārudro ’bdhi-jaṁ viṣam
TRANSLATION
One who is not a great controller should never imitate the behavior of ruling personalities, even mentally. If out of foolishness an ordinary person does imitate such behavior, he will simply destroy himself, just as a person who is not Rudra would destroy himself if he tried to drink an ocean of poison.
COMMENTARY
Parīkṣit Mahārāja might object, “If the demigods commit immoral acts then others, adopting the principle of following a great man’s example, will also commit irreligious acts.”
Śukadeva Gosvāmī replies in this verse: “Upon seeing the immoral acts of the demigods, an ordinary motal should not even think of committing such sinful acts. Doing so will bring his ruination, just as a person who is not Rudra would destroy himself if he tried to drink an ocean of poison. On the other hand, when Śiva drinks the poison, he enhances his beauty by attaining a blue throat.”
|| 10.33.31 ||
īśvarāṇāṁ vacaḥ satyaṁ tathaivācaritaṁ kvacit
teṣāṁ yat sva-vaco-yuktaṁ buddhimāṁs tat samācaret
TRANSLATION
The statements of the Lord’s empowered servants are always true, and the acts they perform are exemplary when consistent with those statements. Therefore one who is intelligent should carry out their instructions.
COMMENTARY
Parīkṣit Mahārāja said, “All right, then when can we apply the rule that whatever a great man does others should follow?”
Śukadeva Gosvāmī replied, “The instructions of the demigods or great personalities are always auspicious for the devotees to follow. When the Lord performs pastimes as Rāma, one should follow His instructions. One should perform only those acts which do not contradict the orders given by the demigods or great persons. But even those instructions must be approved by scriptures. Then one can act, otherwise not. An intelligent person should conduct himself in this way.
“Kṛṣṇa ordered Arjuna to kill Aśvatthāmā, who had killed Arjuna’s sleeping children in the night.” (SB 1.7.35) Arjuna however, did not follow Kṛṣṇa’s instructions to kill Aśvatthāmā, because elsewhere Kṛṣṇa said a brāhmaṇa should never be killed even if he is sinful. Another instruction is that one should kill a person armed to kill others. Though acting as a kṣatriya, Aśvatthāmā was still a brāhmaṇa and he was not armed to kill. Therefore according to the scriptural injunctions he should not have been killed. Kṛṣṇa was actually testing Arjuna’s knowledge of religious principles by ordering him to kill Asvatthama.”
|| 10.33.32 ||
kuśalācaritenaiṣām iha svārtho na vidyate
viparyayeṇa vānartho nirahaṅkāriṇāṁ prabho
TRANSLATION
My dear Prabhu, when these great persons who are free from false ego act piously in this world, they have no selfish motives to fulfill, and even when they act in apparent contradiction to the laws of piety, they are not subject to sinful reactions.
|| 10.33.33 ||
kim utākhila-sattvānāṁ tiryaṅ-martya-divaukasām
īśituś ceśitavyānāṁ kuśalākuśalānvayaḥ
TRANSLATION
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