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The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
Содержание книги
- Propelled by the fearsome wind-gods, the clouds blazed with lightning bolts and roared with thunder as they hurled down hailstones.
- The cows and other animals, shivering from the excessive rain and wind, and the cowherd men and ladies, pained by the cold, all approached Lord Govinda for shelter.
- The Lord then addressed the cowherd community: O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja, if you wish you may now come under this hill with your cows.
- You should have no fear that this mountain will fall from My hand. And don’t be afraid of the wind and rain, for your deliverance from these afflictions has already been arranged.
- While all living creatures looked on, the Supreme Personality of Godhead put down the hill in its original place, just as it had stood before.
- My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
- The cowherd men said:] Since this boy performs such extra-ordinary activities, how could He warrant a birth among worldly men like us—a birth that for Him would seem contemptible?
- How could this seven-year-old boy playfully hold up the great hill Govardhana with one hand, just as a mighty elephant holds up a lotus flower?
- After arranging for the mighty Lord Balarāma to kill the terrible demon Pralamba, Kṛṣṇa saved Vraja’s cowherd boys and their animals from a forest fire.
- Dear Nanda, how is it that we and all the other residents of Vraja cannot give up our constant affection for your son? And how is it that He is so spontaneously attracted to us?
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Lord Indra and Mother Surabhi Offer Prayers
- My dear Lord, when my sacrifice was disrupted I became fiercely angry because of false pride. Thus I tried to destroy Your cowherd community with severe rain and wind.
- Indra, you may now go. Execute My order and remain in your ap-pointed position as King of heaven. But be sober, without false pride.
- Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
- Your father, who is sitting here, was brought to me by a foolish, ignorant servant of mine who did not understand his proper duty. Therefore, please forgive us.
- O Kṛṣṇa, O seer of everything, please give Your mercy even to me. O Govinda, You are most affectionate to Your father. Please take him home.
- Thus deeply considering the situation, the all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari revealed to the cowherd men His abode, which is beyond material darkness.
- Kṛṣṇa and the Gopīs Meet for the Rāsa Dance
- Some of the gopīs, however, could not manage to get out of their houses, and instead they remained home with eyes closed, meditating upon Him in pure love.
- Seeing that the girls of Vraja had arrived, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the best of speakers, greeted them with charming words that bewildered their minds.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said: O most fortunate ladies, welcome. What may I do to please you? Is everything well in Vraja? Please tell Me the reason for your coming here.
- This night is quite frightening, and frightening creatures are lurking about. Return to Vraja, slender-waisted girls. This is not a proper place for women.
- Not finding you at home, your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands are certainly searching for you. Don’t cause anxiety for your family members.
- The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
- For a woman from a respectable family, petty adulterous affairs are always condemned. They bar her from heaven, ruin her reputation and bring her difficulty and fear.
- Lord Keśava, seeing the gopīs too proud of their good fortune, wanted to relieve them of this pride and show them further mercy. Thus He immediately disappeared.
- The Gopīs Search for Kṛṣṇa
- O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?
- O most kind tulasī, to whom the feet of Govinda are so dear, have you seen that infallible one walk by, wearing you and encircled by swarms of bees?
- O mālati, O mallikā, O jāti and yūthikā, has Mādhava gone by here, giving you pleasure with the touch of His hand?
- Having spoken these words, the gopīs, distraught from searching for Kṛṣṇa, began to act out His various pastimes, fully absorbed in thoughts of Him.
- Don’t be afraid of the wind and rain,” said one gopī. “I will save you.” And with that she lifted her shawl above her head.
- Then another gopī spoke up: My dear cowherd boys, look at this raging forest fire! Quickly close your eyes and I will easily protect you.
- O girls! The dust of Govinda’s lotus feet is so sacred that even Brahmā, Śiva and the goddess Ramā take that dust upon their heads to dispel sinful reactions.
- She cried out: O master! My lover! O dearmost, where are You? Where are You? Please, O mighty-armed one, O friend, show Yourself to Me, Your poor servant!
- She told them how Mādhava had given Her much respect, but how She then suffered dishonor because of Her misbehavior. The gopīs were extremely amazed to hear this.
- The gopīs again came to the bank of the Kālindī. Meditating on Kṛṣṇa and eagerly hoping He would come, they sat down together to sing of Him.
- The Gopīs Songs of Separation (Gopī-gītā)
- One gopī joyfully took Kṛṣṇa’s hand between her folded palms, and another placed His arm, anointed with sandalwood paste, on her shoulder.
- A slender gopī respectfully took in her joined hands the betel nut He had chewed, and another gopī, burning with desire, put His lotus feet on her breasts.
- One gopī, beside herself with loving anger, bit her lips and stared at Him with frowning eyebrows, as if to wound Him with her harsh glances.
- Kettledrums then resounded in the sky while flowers rained down and the chief Gandharvas and their wives sang Lord Kṛṣṇa’s spotless glories.
- In the midst of the dancing gopīs, Lord Kṛṣṇa appeared most brilliant, like an exquisite sapphire in the midst of golden ornaments.
- Expanding Himself us many times as there were cowherd women to associate with, the Supreme Lord, though self-satisfied, playfully enjoyed their company.
- Seeing that the gopīs were fatigued from conjugal enjoyment, my dear King, merciful Kṛṣṇa lovingly wiped their faces with His comforting hand.
- O faithful upholder of vows, please destroy our doubt by explaining to us what purpose the self-satisfied Lord of the Yadus had in mind when He behaved so contemptibly.
- How, then, could the Lord of all created beings—animals, men and demigods—have any connection with the piety and impiety that affect His subject creatures?
- When the Lord assumes a humanlike body to show mercy to His devotees, He engages in such pastimes as will attract those who hear about them to become dedicated to Him.
COMMENTARY
The Vraja-gopīs said, “Even though we are young girls meeting with You at night in a lonely forest, still no one will gossip about us, or question our chastity because we have come here together in a large group.”
“Granted,” Kṛṣṇa replies, “But your friends will be terribly worried about you, and will now be searching everywhere for you. Your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands will be looking for you. Don’t put them in anxiety. However, your children, being only two or three months of age, will not be looking because they are not expert in the skill of searching for lost persons.”
The age of their children is indicated in verse six: “They gave up feeding their babies milk” and verse twenty-two: “Go home, for the calves and children are crying.” Nonetheless, because Kṛṣṇa has caused each of the gopīs to forget this fact about their children, He manages to plausibly make this statement: “Don’t cause anxiety for your relatives due to their not finding you (mā kṛḍhvaṁ bandhu-sādhvasam).”
Taking another meaning, Kṛṣṇa says, “Don’t worry. Even while searching for you, your relatives will not be able to see you (vicinvanti hy apaśyanto) deep in this dense forest. Don’t be afraid of your family members. Just spend the night here enjoying freely with Me.”
|| 10.29.21-22 ||
dṛṣṭaṁ vanaṁ kusumitaṁ rākeśa-kara-rañjitam
yamunānila-līlaijat taru-pallava-śobhitam
tad yāta mā ciraṁ goṣṭhaṁ śuśrūṣadhvaṁ patīn satīḥ
krandanti vatsā bālāś ca tān pāyayata duhyata
TRANSLATION
Now you have seen this Vṛndāvana forest, full of flowers and resplendent with the light of the full moon. You have seen the beauty of the trees, with their leaves trembling in the gentle breeze coming from the Yamunā. So now go back to the cowherd village. Don’t delay. O chaste ladies, serve your husbands and give milk to your crying babies and calves.
COMMENTARY
When the gopīs began looking all around in embarrassment, Kṛṣṇa said, “Oh, I understand that you have come here to see the forest.”
When the gopīs glanced upwards, Kṛṣṇa said, “I understand you are admiring the beauty of the forest bathed in the rays of the full moon.” When they looked towards the Yamunā, Kṛṣṇa said, “The flowering buds of the trees are trembling from the gentle touch of the breeze blowing over the Yamunā.” The implication in this statement is, “Now that your desire of seeing the forest has been fulfilled, please return home without delay.”
In text twenty-one, Kṛṣṇa might have said, “This Vṛndāvana is the best place in the universe and this is a full-moon night. Furthermore, we have the Yamunā on all sides, and there are cool, gentle, fragrant breezes blowing. These transcendental features excite (uddīpana) the taste for love. Since I am also here as the foremost ecstatic object of love (viṣaya-ālambana)— let’s now test your skill in relishing rasas.’’ In text twenty-two, Kṛṣṇa said, “Now that your desire to see the beauty of the forest has been fulfilled, do not delay, but go immediately. O chaste ladies! You should serve Your husbands to help them complete their religious duties.” After saying this to the married gopīs, Kṛṣṇa said to the unmarried gopīs, “Go milk the cows, for the calves are crying.” Then to the muni-cārī-gopīs Kṛṣṇa said, “Your babies are crying. so go feed them milk.”
The alternate explanation which follows shows Kṛṣṇa in a mood of petitioning the gopīs: “Don’t leave, but rather stay here and enjoy with Me throughout the night. Don’t go serve your husbands, children, mothers-in-law and other relatives. It would not be fitting for you to waste such beauty and youth, which are gifts of the creator. Nor should you milk the cows or give milk to the calves and babies. What do you, who are so full of ecstatic love for Me, have to do with these affairs?”
|| 10.29.23 ||
atha vā mad-abhisnehād bhavatyo yantritāśayāḥ
āgatā hy upapannaṁ vaḥ prīyante mayi jantavaḥ
TRANSLATION
On the other hand, perhaps you have come here out of your great love for Me, which has taken control of your hearts. This is of course quite commendable on your part, since all living entities possess natural affection for Me.
COMMENTARY
Kṛṣṇa said, “Oh, I have made a mistake in assuming the causes of your coming. Now I understand the cause. Your increasing affection for Me has completely subjugated your hearts and forcibly drawn you to Me. In seeing Me, this affection has been satisfied. Actually it is My natural quality that all living beings, without any endeavor, have affection for Me (prīyante mayi jantavaḥ). Thus your affection for Me is ordinary, just like everyone else. It is not a special kind of affection induced by Cupid.”
The alternate explanation: Kṛṣṇa said, “Your intense śṛṅgāra-prema has forcibly brought You before Me and fully captivated My mind.” Another explanation: “You girls have attracted Me to you by the ropes of your minds (manas-yantrita). Therefore your coming here is quite fitting, and not without good cause. All living entities have affection for Me, so what to speak of yourselves, who possess transcendental bhāva.”
|| 10.29.24 ||
bhartuḥ śuśrūṣaṇaṁ strīṇāṁ paro dharmo hy amāyayā
tad-bandhūnāṁ ca kalyāṇaḥ prajānāṁ cānupoṣaṇam
TRANSLATION
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