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My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
Содержание книги
- Kṛṣṇa Steals the Garments of the Unmarried Gopīs
- One day they came to the riverbank and, putting aside their clothing as they had done before, happily played in the water while singing the glories of Kṛṣṇa.
- Taking the girls’ garments, He quickly climbed to the top of a kadamba tree. Then, as He laughed loudly and His companions also laughed, He addressed the girls jokingly.
- I have never before spoken a lie, and these boys know it. Therefore, O slender-waisted girls, please come forward, either one by one or all together, and pick out your clothes.
- Then, shivering from the painful cold, all the young girls rose up out of the water, covering their pubic area with their hands.
- Then the sun’s heat became intense, Lord Kṛṣṇa saw that the trees were acting as umbrellas by shading Him, and thus He spoke as follows to His boyfriends.
- These trees fulfill one’s desires with their leaves, flowers and fruits, their shade, roots, bark and wood, and also with their fragrance, sap, ashes, pulp and shoots.
- It is the duty of every living being to perform welfare activities for the benefit of others with his life, wealth, intelligence and words.
- He has come a long way with the cowherd boys and Lord Balarāma, tending the cows. Now He is hungry, so some food should be given for Him and His companions.
- Taking along in large vessels the four kinds of foods, full of fine tastes and aromas, all the ladies went forth to meet their beloved, just as rivers flow toward the sea.
- Certainly expert personalities, who can see their own true interest, render unmotivated and uninterrupted devotional service directly unto Me, for I am most dear to the soul.
- Govinda, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, fed the cowherd boys with that food of four varieties. Then the all-powerful Lord Himself partook of the preparations.
- One who is neutral may be avoided like an enemy, but a friend should be considered like one’s own self.
- Such being the case, this ritualistic endeavor of yours should be clearly explained to Me. Is it a ceremony based on scriptural injunction, or simply a custom of ordinary society?
- This religious principle is based on sound tradition. Anyone who rejects it out of lust, enmity, fear or greed will certainly fail to achieve good fortune.
- My dear father, our home is not in the cities or towns or villages. Being forest dwellers, we always live in the forest and on the hills.
- Kṛṣṇa then assumed an unprecedented, huge form to instill faith in the cowherd men. Declaring “I am Govardhana Mountain!” He ate the abundant offerings.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill
- Angry Indra sent forth the clouds of universal destruction, known as Sāṁvartaka. Imagining himself the supreme controller, he spoke as follows.
- I will follow you to Vraja, riding on my elephant Airāvata and taking with me the swift and powerful wind-gods to decimate the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.
- Propelled by the fearsome wind-gods, the clouds blazed with lightning bolts and roared with thunder as they hurled down hailstones.
- The cows and other animals, shivering from the excessive rain and wind, and the cowherd men and ladies, pained by the cold, all approached Lord Govinda for shelter.
- The Lord then addressed the cowherd community: O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja, if you wish you may now come under this hill with your cows.
- You should have no fear that this mountain will fall from My hand. And don’t be afraid of the wind and rain, for your deliverance from these afflictions has already been arranged.
- While all living creatures looked on, the Supreme Personality of Godhead put down the hill in its original place, just as it had stood before.
- My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
- The cowherd men said:] Since this boy performs such extra-ordinary activities, how could He warrant a birth among worldly men like us—a birth that for Him would seem contemptible?
- How could this seven-year-old boy playfully hold up the great hill Govardhana with one hand, just as a mighty elephant holds up a lotus flower?
- After arranging for the mighty Lord Balarāma to kill the terrible demon Pralamba, Kṛṣṇa saved Vraja’s cowherd boys and their animals from a forest fire.
- Dear Nanda, how is it that we and all the other residents of Vraja cannot give up our constant affection for your son? And how is it that He is so spontaneously attracted to us?
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Lord Indra and Mother Surabhi Offer Prayers
- My dear Lord, when my sacrifice was disrupted I became fiercely angry because of false pride. Thus I tried to destroy Your cowherd community with severe rain and wind.
- Indra, you may now go. Execute My order and remain in your ap-pointed position as King of heaven. But be sober, without false pride.
- Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
- Your father, who is sitting here, was brought to me by a foolish, ignorant servant of mine who did not understand his proper duty. Therefore, please forgive us.
- O Kṛṣṇa, O seer of everything, please give Your mercy even to me. O Govinda, You are most affectionate to Your father. Please take him home.
- Thus deeply considering the situation, the all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari revealed to the cowherd men His abode, which is beyond material darkness.
- Kṛṣṇa and the Gopīs Meet for the Rāsa Dance
- Some of the gopīs, however, could not manage to get out of their houses, and instead they remained home with eyes closed, meditating upon Him in pure love.
- Seeing that the girls of Vraja had arrived, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the best of speakers, greeted them with charming words that bewildered their minds.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said: O most fortunate ladies, welcome. What may I do to please you? Is everything well in Vraja? Please tell Me the reason for your coming here.
- This night is quite frightening, and frightening creatures are lurking about. Return to Vraja, slender-waisted girls. This is not a proper place for women.
- Not finding you at home, your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands are certainly searching for you. Don’t cause anxiety for your family members.
- The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
- For a woman from a respectable family, petty adulterous affairs are always condemned. They bar her from heaven, ruin her reputation and bring her difficulty and fear.
- Lord Keśava, seeing the gopīs too proud of their good fortune, wanted to relieve them of this pride and show them further mercy. Thus He immediately disappeared.
- The Gopīs Search for Kṛṣṇa
- O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?
TRANSLATION
All the residents of Vṛndāvana were overwhelmed with ecstatic love, and they came forward and greeted Śrī Kṛṣṇa according to their individual relationships with Him—some embracing Him, others bowing down to Him, and so forth. The cowherd women presented water mixed with yogurt and unbroken barleycorns as a token of honor, and they showered auspicious benedictions upon Him.
COMMENTARY
Overwhelmed (nirbhṛtāḥ) in love, each of the Vrajavāsīs approached (samīyuḥ) Kṛṣṇa according to his position (yathā)—as an inferior, younger member of the community; as an equal; or as a superior—and they dealt with Him accordingly. Kṛṣṇa’s superiors offered auspicious benedictions, lovingly smelled His head, kissed Him, massaged His left arm (which held up the mountain), cracked the fingers of His left hand, and inquired with parental affection as to whether He was tired or pained. Kṛṣṇa’s equals laughed or joked with Him, and those who were younger fell at His feet, massaged His feet, and so on.
The word ca in this verse indicates that the wives of the brāhmaṇas joined with the cowherd ladies (gopyaḥ) to offer auspicious items like yogurt and unbroken grains. They gave blessings to Kṛṣṇa by saying, “May You subdue the wicked, protect the decent people, give pleasure to Your parents and be enriched with all wealth and opulence.”
|| 10.25.30 ||
yaśodā rohiṇī nando rāmaś ca balināṁ varaḥ
kṛṣṇam āliṅgya yuyujur āśiṣaḥ sneha-kātarāḥ
TRANSLATION
Mother Yaśodā, mother Rohiṇī, Nanda Mahārāja and Balarāma, the greatest of the strong, all embraced Kṛṣṇa. Overwhelmed with affection, they offered Him their blessings.
COMMENTARY
The very special position of Kṛṣṇa’s own mother and other intimate relatives, however, is stated in this verse beginning with Yaśodā. It is not unsuitable to include Balarāma in the group that feels parental affection (vātsalya-bhāva) toward Kṛṣṇa. because Balarāma acts in that capacity as Kṛṣṇa’s elder brother. One may object saying, “Since Balarāma is so affectionate, why didn’t He assume His plenary expansion of Ananta Śeṣa, since He is already holding up the earth, and Himself enact the great feat of holding up Govardhana Hill on behalf His younger brother?” The answer is that once Kṛṣṇa made His decision to stop Indra’s sacrifice, to worship Govardhana, and to lift Govardhana Hill in order to protect the Vrajavāsīs, it would be improper and impossible for His aṁśa (plenary portion), Balarāma, to do anything else. Thus Balarāma did not show His powers. As Kṛṣṇa is the śaktiman, the possessor of innumerable potencies, by His desire alone suitable powers will appear when necessary in His aṁśa. In succeeding verses also this conclusion is mentioned.
In this regard, sometimes ancient paintings show Kṛṣṇa as Giridhārī being given butter by His two mothers Yaśodā and Rohiṇī while Nanda Mahārāja and Balarāma hold up Govardhana Hill with their heads or sticks. In the Vaiṣṇava-toṣaṇī, Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī says that this occurred due to being overwhelmed by love. Thus in this verse they are described as being beside themselves (kātarāḥ) out of their affection (sneha) for Kṛṣṇa.
|| 10.25.31 ||
divi deva-gaṇāḥ siddhāḥ sādhyā gandharva-cāraṇāḥ
tuṣṭuvur mumucus tuṣṭāḥ puṣpa-varṣāṇi pārthiva
TRANSLATION
In the heavens, O King, all the demigods, including the Siddhas, Sādhyas, Gandharvas and Cāraṇas, sang the praises of Lord Kṛṣṇa and showered down flowers in great satisfaction.
COMMENTARY
The demigods in heaven were just as jubilant as the Vrajavāsīs, and thus a great universal festival took place.
|| 10.25.32 ||
śaṅkha-dundubhayo nedur divi deva-pracoditāḥ
jagur gandharva-patayas tumburu-pramukhā nṛpa
TRANSLATION
|| 10.25.33 ||
tato ’nuraktaiḥ paśupaiḥ pariśrito rājan sva-goṣṭhaṁ sa-balo ’vrajad dhariḥ
tathā-vidhāny asya kṛtāni gopīkā gāyantya īyur muditā hṛdi-spṛśaḥ
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