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Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
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- Certainly expert personalities, who can see their own true interest, render unmotivated and uninterrupted devotional service directly unto Me, for I am most dear to the soul.
- Govinda, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, fed the cowherd boys with that food of four varieties. Then the all-powerful Lord Himself partook of the preparations.
- One who is neutral may be avoided like an enemy, but a friend should be considered like one’s own self.
- Such being the case, this ritualistic endeavor of yours should be clearly explained to Me. Is it a ceremony based on scriptural injunction, or simply a custom of ordinary society?
- This religious principle is based on sound tradition. Anyone who rejects it out of lust, enmity, fear or greed will certainly fail to achieve good fortune.
- My dear father, our home is not in the cities or towns or villages. Being forest dwellers, we always live in the forest and on the hills.
- Kṛṣṇa then assumed an unprecedented, huge form to instill faith in the cowherd men. Declaring “I am Govardhana Mountain!” He ate the abundant offerings.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill
- Angry Indra sent forth the clouds of universal destruction, known as Sāṁvartaka. Imagining himself the supreme controller, he spoke as follows.
- I will follow you to Vraja, riding on my elephant Airāvata and taking with me the swift and powerful wind-gods to decimate the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.
- Propelled by the fearsome wind-gods, the clouds blazed with lightning bolts and roared with thunder as they hurled down hailstones.
- The cows and other animals, shivering from the excessive rain and wind, and the cowherd men and ladies, pained by the cold, all approached Lord Govinda for shelter.
- The Lord then addressed the cowherd community: O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja, if you wish you may now come under this hill with your cows.
- You should have no fear that this mountain will fall from My hand. And don’t be afraid of the wind and rain, for your deliverance from these afflictions has already been arranged.
- While all living creatures looked on, the Supreme Personality of Godhead put down the hill in its original place, just as it had stood before.
- My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
- The cowherd men said:] Since this boy performs such extra-ordinary activities, how could He warrant a birth among worldly men like us—a birth that for Him would seem contemptible?
- How could this seven-year-old boy playfully hold up the great hill Govardhana with one hand, just as a mighty elephant holds up a lotus flower?
- After arranging for the mighty Lord Balarāma to kill the terrible demon Pralamba, Kṛṣṇa saved Vraja’s cowherd boys and their animals from a forest fire.
- Dear Nanda, how is it that we and all the other residents of Vraja cannot give up our constant affection for your son? And how is it that He is so spontaneously attracted to us?
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Lord Indra and Mother Surabhi Offer Prayers
- My dear Lord, when my sacrifice was disrupted I became fiercely angry because of false pride. Thus I tried to destroy Your cowherd community with severe rain and wind.
- Indra, you may now go. Execute My order and remain in your ap-pointed position as King of heaven. But be sober, without false pride.
- Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
- Your father, who is sitting here, was brought to me by a foolish, ignorant servant of mine who did not understand his proper duty. Therefore, please forgive us.
- O Kṛṣṇa, O seer of everything, please give Your mercy even to me. O Govinda, You are most affectionate to Your father. Please take him home.
- Thus deeply considering the situation, the all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari revealed to the cowherd men His abode, which is beyond material darkness.
- Kṛṣṇa and the Gopīs Meet for the Rāsa Dance
- Some of the gopīs, however, could not manage to get out of their houses, and instead they remained home with eyes closed, meditating upon Him in pure love.
- Seeing that the girls of Vraja had arrived, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the best of speakers, greeted them with charming words that bewildered their minds.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said: O most fortunate ladies, welcome. What may I do to please you? Is everything well in Vraja? Please tell Me the reason for your coming here.
- This night is quite frightening, and frightening creatures are lurking about. Return to Vraja, slender-waisted girls. This is not a proper place for women.
- Not finding you at home, your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands are certainly searching for you. Don’t cause anxiety for your family members.
- The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
- For a woman from a respectable family, petty adulterous affairs are always condemned. They bar her from heaven, ruin her reputation and bring her difficulty and fear.
- Lord Keśava, seeing the gopīs too proud of their good fortune, wanted to relieve them of this pride and show them further mercy. Thus He immediately disappeared.
- The Gopīs Search for Kṛṣṇa
- O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?
- O most kind tulasī, to whom the feet of Govinda are so dear, have you seen that infallible one walk by, wearing you and encircled by swarms of bees?
- O mālati, O mallikā, O jāti and yūthikā, has Mādhava gone by here, giving you pleasure with the touch of His hand?
- Having spoken these words, the gopīs, distraught from searching for Kṛṣṇa, began to act out His various pastimes, fully absorbed in thoughts of Him.
- Don’t be afraid of the wind and rain,” said one gopī. “I will save you.” And with that she lifted her shawl above her head.
- Then another gopī spoke up: My dear cowherd boys, look at this raging forest fire! Quickly close your eyes and I will easily protect you.
- O girls! The dust of Govinda’s lotus feet is so sacred that even Brahmā, Śiva and the goddess Ramā take that dust upon their heads to dispel sinful reactions.
- She cried out: O master! My lover! O dearmost, where are You? Where are You? Please, O mighty-armed one, O friend, show Yourself to Me, Your poor servant!
- She told them how Mādhava had given Her much respect, but how She then suffered dishonor because of Her misbehavior. The gopīs were extremely amazed to hear this.
- The gopīs again came to the bank of the Kālindī. Meditating on Kṛṣṇa and eagerly hoping He would come, they sat down together to sing of Him.
- The Gopīs Songs of Separation (Gopī-gītā)
COMMENTARY
Though Indra was alone, Kṛṣṇa here addresses him in the plural form (vaḥ) because this grave instruction was meant to be a lesson for all the demigods like Varuṇa, who is mentioned in the next chapter.
Kṛṣṇa said, “Continue in your position, but remain sober (yuktaḥ) and without false pride. Otherwise, I will punish you again.” Śrī Kṛṣṇa did not promise here that Indra would not be afflicted by pride again. Later to carry out Kṛṣṇa’s pastime of stealing Indra’s pārijāta flower, it was necessary for Indra to show pride.
|| 10.27.18 ||
athāha surabhiḥ kṛṣṇam abhivandya manasvinī
sva-santānair upāmantrya gopa-rūpiṇam īśvaram
TRANSLATION
Mother Surabhi, along with her progeny, the cows, then offered her obeisances to Lord Kṛṣṇa. Respectfully requesting His attention, the gentle lady addressed the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who was present before her as a cowherd boy.
COMMENTARY
The heavenly cow Surabhi affectionately thought of the spiritual cows of Vraja as her own offspring (sva-santānaiḥ), though they were offspring of the transcendental cows that play with Kṛṣṇa. Similarly, though Śrī Kṛṣṇa actually comes from the dynasty of the spiritual moon (Candra-vaṁśa), the material moon often thinks of Kṛṣṇa as his offspring. Surabhi, along with the cows of Vraja, respectfully begged Kṛṣṇa for His attention (upāmantrya) and offered the following prayers.
|| 10.27.19 ||
surabhir uvāca
kṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa mahā-yogin viśvātman viśva-sambhava
bhavatā loka-nāthena sa-nāthā vayam acyuta
TRANSLATION
Mother Surabhi said: O Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa, greatest of mystics! O Soul and origin of the universe! You are the master of the world, and by Your grace, O infallible Lord, we have You as our master.
COMMENTARY
Mother Surabhi is feeling great ecstasy so she repeats the words “Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa.” Surabhi said, “You are called the greatest of yogīs (mahā-yogin) because You protected my offspring by lifting Govardhana Hill with Your mystic powers. We accept You as our master, whereas our so-called master, Indra, had tried to kill them.”
|| 10.27.20 ||
tvaṁ naḥ paramakaṁ daivaṁ tvaṁ na indro jagat-pate
bhavāya bhava go-vipra devānāṁ ye ca sādhavaḥ
TRANSLATION
You are our worshipable Deity. Therefore, O Lord of the universe, for the benefit of the cows, the brāhmaṇas, the demigods and all other saintly persons, please become our Indra.
COMMENTARY
Surabhi said, “You are our worshipable Lord (daivaṁ) who gives supreme happiness (parama ka). Though You have appeared in a family of cowherd men, You are the master of the universe (jagat-pate). You stopped the sacrifice to Indra and easily defeated him. Therefore You are qualified to be our Indra.”
|| 10.27.21 ||
indraṁ nas tvābhiṣekṣyāmo brahmāṇā coditā vayam
avatīrṇo ’si viśvātman bhūmer bhārāpanuttaye
TRANSLATION
As ordered by Lord Brahmā, we shall perform Your bathing ceremony to coronate You as Indra. O Soul of the universe, You descend to this world to relieve the burden of the earth.
COMMENTARY
Surabhi said, “As You are our Indra, we will install You in the role of Indra with an abhiṣeka.”
Kṛṣṇa said, “By whose order do you want to do this? Is it some independent desire?”
Surabhi: “It has been ordered by Brahmā. When Indra was afflicted with fear, he went to Brahmā to explain everything about Your govardhana-līlā. Brahmā felt somewhat fearful upon remembering his previous offense to You, so he gave me this order: ‘O Surabhi! You are very dear to the Lord, the protector of your relatives. Therefore you should go to Kṛṣṇa, the ocean of mercy, get Indra forgiven for his offense, perform an abhiseka, and install Kṛṣṇa as the king (Indra) of the cows.”
“You may ask what is the benefit of an abhiṣeka to You, whose rarely attained lotus feet are served by Brahmā and Śiva, and who is the Indra (king) of billions of universes? We want to do this for our own purification. Although You are the invisible Soul of the universe, You appear to relieve the burden of the earth. If You did not appear, how would we ever become fortunate?”
|| 10.27.22-23 ||
śṛī-śuka uvāca
evaṁ kṛṣṇam upāmantrya surabhiḥ payasātmanaḥ
jalair ākāśa-gaṅgāyā airāvata-karoddhṛtaiḥ
indraḥ surarṣibhiḥ sākaṁ codito deva-mātṛbhiḥ
abhyasiñcata dāśārhaṁ govinda iti cābhyadhāt
TRANSLATION
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Having thus appealed to Lord Kṛṣṇa, mother Surabhi performed His bathing ceremony with her own milk, and Indra, ordered by Aditi and other mothers of the demigods, anointed the Lord with heavenly Gaṅgā water from the trunk of Indra’s elephant carrier, Airāvata. Thus, in the company of the demigods and great sages, Indra coronated Lord Kṛṣṇa, the descendant of Daśārha, and gave Him the name Govinda.
COMMENTARY
After praying to Kṛṣṇa to accept the post of Indra, Surabhi bathed the Lord with her milk. Because Indra was embarrassed by his blunder of attacking Vṛndāvana, he was reluctant to worship Kṛṣṇa. However, after receiving encouragement from Aditi and the other heavenly mothers, lndra felt authorized and then bathed Śrī Kṛṣṇa.
Though Kṛṣṇa had appeared in the Daśārha dynasty, because He had a greater desire to be a cowherd, they named Him Govinda. Go means cows and vinda means to protect. Go can also mean Svarga (heaven). Therefore, Govinda can mean one who enjoys the position of Indra. Go also means the senses. Govinda then means one who protects or nourishes (vind) the devotees by attracting their senses.
|| 10.27.24 ||
tatrāgatās tumburu-nāradādayo gandharva-vidyādhara-siddha-cāraṇāḥ
jagur yaśo loka-malāpahaṁ hareḥ surāṅganāḥ sannanṛtur mudānvitāḥ
TRANSLATION
Tumburu, Nārada and other Gandharvas, along with the Vidyādharas, Siddhas and Cāraṇas, came there to sing the glories of Lord Hari, which purify the entire world. And the wives of the demigods, filled with joy, danced together in the Lord’s honor.
|| 10.27.25 ||
taṁ tuṣṭuvur deva-nikāya-ketavo hy avākiraṁś cādbhuta-puṣpa-vṛṣṭibhiḥ
lokāḥ parāṁ nirvṛtim āpnuvaṁs trayo gāvas tadā gām anayan payo-drutām
TRANSLATION
The most eminent demigods chanted the praises of the Lord and scattered wonderful showers of flowers all around Him. All three worlds felt supreme satisfaction, and the cows drenched the surface of the earth with their milk.
COMMENTARY
The chief demigods (deva nikāya ketava) such as Varuṇa praised Govinda and covered Him with an amazing shower of multicolored, fragrant flowers. The cows moistened the earth with their milk.
|| 10.27.26 ||
nānā-rāsaughāḥ sarito vṛkṣā āsan madhu-sravāḥ
akṛṣṭa-pacyauṣadhayo girayo ’bibhran un maṇīn
TRANSLATION
Rivers flowed with various kinds of tasty liquids, trees exuded honey, edible plants came to maturity without cultivation, and hills gave forth jewels formerly hidden in their interiors.
COMMENTARY
The rivers flowed with various tasty liquids such as milk. Without cultivation, the plants yielded mature grains and ripened fruits. The surfaces of the mountains manifested an array of excellent jewels.
|| 10.27.27 ||
kṛṣṇe ’bhiṣikta etāni sarvāṇi kuru-nandana
nirvairāṇy abhavaṁs tāta krūrāṇy api nisargataḥ
TRANSLATION
O Parīkṣit, beloved of the Kuru dynasty, upon the ceremonial bathing of Lord Kṛṣṇa, all living creatures, even those cruel by nature, became entirely free of enmity.
COMMENTARY
After Kṛṣṇa’s abhiṣeka ceremony all living entities gave up their natural animosities towards each other and became friends.
|| 10.27.28 ||
iti go-gokula-patiṁ govindam abhiṣicya saḥ
anujñāto yayau śakro vṛto devādibhir divam
TRANSLATION
After he had ceremonially bathed Lord Govinda, who is the master of the cows and the cowherd community, King Indra took the Lord’s permission and, surrounded by the demigods and other higher beings, returned to his heavenly abode.
Thus ends the commentary on the Twenty Seventh Chapter of the Tenth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas.
Chapter Twenty-eight
|| 10.28.1 ||
śrī-bādarāyaṇir uvāca
ekādaśyāṁ nirāhāraḥ samabhyarcya janārdanam
snātuṁ nandas tu kālindyāṁ dvādaśyāṁ jalam āviśat
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