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Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill
Содержание книги
- The young gopīs took the greatest pleasure in seeing Govinda come home, since for them even a moment without His association seemed like a hundred ages.
- The Rainy Season and Autumn in Vṛndāvana
- Then the rainy season began, giving life and sustenance to all living beings. The sky began to rumble with thunder, and lightning flashed on the horizon.
- Flashing with lightning, great clouds were shaken and swept about by fierce winds. Just like merciful persons, the clouds gave their lives for the pleasure of this world.
- The Lord saw the joyful aborigine girls of the forest, the trees dripping sweet sap, and the mountain waterfalls, whose resounding indicated that there were caves nearby.
- When it rained, the Lord would sometimes enter a cave or the hollow of a tree to play and to eat roots and fruits.
- While Lord Rāma and Lord Keśava were thus dwelling in Vṛndāvana, the fall season arrived, when the sky is cloudless, the water clear and the wind gentle.
- The Gopīs Glorify the Song of Kṛṣṇa’s Flute (veṇu-gīta)
- Kṛṣṇa Steals the Garments of the Unmarried Gopīs
- One day they came to the riverbank and, putting aside their clothing as they had done before, happily played in the water while singing the glories of Kṛṣṇa.
- Taking the girls’ garments, He quickly climbed to the top of a kadamba tree. Then, as He laughed loudly and His companions also laughed, He addressed the girls jokingly.
- I have never before spoken a lie, and these boys know it. Therefore, O slender-waisted girls, please come forward, either one by one or all together, and pick out your clothes.
- Then, shivering from the painful cold, all the young girls rose up out of the water, covering their pubic area with their hands.
- Then the sun’s heat became intense, Lord Kṛṣṇa saw that the trees were acting as umbrellas by shading Him, and thus He spoke as follows to His boyfriends.
- These trees fulfill one’s desires with their leaves, flowers and fruits, their shade, roots, bark and wood, and also with their fragrance, sap, ashes, pulp and shoots.
- It is the duty of every living being to perform welfare activities for the benefit of others with his life, wealth, intelligence and words.
- He has come a long way with the cowherd boys and Lord Balarāma, tending the cows. Now He is hungry, so some food should be given for Him and His companions.
- Taking along in large vessels the four kinds of foods, full of fine tastes and aromas, all the ladies went forth to meet their beloved, just as rivers flow toward the sea.
- Certainly expert personalities, who can see their own true interest, render unmotivated and uninterrupted devotional service directly unto Me, for I am most dear to the soul.
- Govinda, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, fed the cowherd boys with that food of four varieties. Then the all-powerful Lord Himself partook of the preparations.
- One who is neutral may be avoided like an enemy, but a friend should be considered like one’s own self.
- Such being the case, this ritualistic endeavor of yours should be clearly explained to Me. Is it a ceremony based on scriptural injunction, or simply a custom of ordinary society?
- This religious principle is based on sound tradition. Anyone who rejects it out of lust, enmity, fear or greed will certainly fail to achieve good fortune.
- My dear father, our home is not in the cities or towns or villages. Being forest dwellers, we always live in the forest and on the hills.
- Kṛṣṇa then assumed an unprecedented, huge form to instill faith in the cowherd men. Declaring “I am Govardhana Mountain!” He ate the abundant offerings.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa Lifts Govardhana Hill
- Angry Indra sent forth the clouds of universal destruction, known as Sāṁvartaka. Imagining himself the supreme controller, he spoke as follows.
- I will follow you to Vraja, riding on my elephant Airāvata and taking with me the swift and powerful wind-gods to decimate the cowherd village of Nanda Mahārāja.
- Propelled by the fearsome wind-gods, the clouds blazed with lightning bolts and roared with thunder as they hurled down hailstones.
- The cows and other animals, shivering from the excessive rain and wind, and the cowherd men and ladies, pained by the cold, all approached Lord Govinda for shelter.
- The Lord then addressed the cowherd community: O Mother, O Father, O residents of Vraja, if you wish you may now come under this hill with your cows.
- You should have no fear that this mountain will fall from My hand. And don’t be afraid of the wind and rain, for your deliverance from these afflictions has already been arranged.
- While all living creatures looked on, the Supreme Personality of Godhead put down the hill in its original place, just as it had stood before.
- My dear Parīkṣit, the demigods in heaven resoundingly played their conchshells and kettledrums, and the best of the Gandharvas, led by Tumburu, began to sing.
- The cowherd men said:] Since this boy performs such extra-ordinary activities, how could He warrant a birth among worldly men like us—a birth that for Him would seem contemptible?
- How could this seven-year-old boy playfully hold up the great hill Govardhana with one hand, just as a mighty elephant holds up a lotus flower?
- After arranging for the mighty Lord Balarāma to kill the terrible demon Pralamba, Kṛṣṇa saved Vraja’s cowherd boys and their animals from a forest fire.
- Dear Nanda, how is it that we and all the other residents of Vraja cannot give up our constant affection for your son? And how is it that He is so spontaneously attracted to us?
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Lord Indra and Mother Surabhi Offer Prayers
- My dear Lord, when my sacrifice was disrupted I became fiercely angry because of false pride. Thus I tried to destroy Your cowherd community with severe rain and wind.
- Indra, you may now go. Execute My order and remain in your ap-pointed position as King of heaven. But be sober, without false pride.
- Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
- Your father, who is sitting here, was brought to me by a foolish, ignorant servant of mine who did not understand his proper duty. Therefore, please forgive us.
- O Kṛṣṇa, O seer of everything, please give Your mercy even to me. O Govinda, You are most affectionate to Your father. Please take him home.
- Thus deeply considering the situation, the all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari revealed to the cowherd men His abode, which is beyond material darkness.
- Kṛṣṇa and the Gopīs Meet for the Rāsa Dance
- Some of the gopīs, however, could not manage to get out of their houses, and instead they remained home with eyes closed, meditating upon Him in pure love.
- Seeing that the girls of Vraja had arrived, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the best of speakers, greeted them with charming words that bewildered their minds.
COMMENTARY
In order to show the superiority of the sacrifice instituted by Himself, and to increase the faith of all the Vrajavāsīs in it, Kṛṣṇa appeared in another (anyatamaṁ) huge personal form (rūpaṁ), which was like a second mountain standing atop of Govardhana. By doing this Kṛṣṇa convinced the cowherd men that He and Govardhana Hill are identical. The Vrajavāsīs thought, “Kṛṣṇa is the hill!”
“I am Govardhana Mountain” means “I am the presiding master of this region. Being pleased with your devotion, I have appeared. Please ask for anything You desire.” Saying this Kṛṣṇa then accepted the offerings (balim) of food made by persons both near and as far away as Nandagram. Some preparations were seen by the Vrajavāsīs at Govardhana Hill, but the others that were offered in meditation were invisible to them. With thousands and millions of hands, which were both short and long, He ate all those offerings from every direction. Thus He filled everyone with joy by eating all the food.
|| 10.24.36 ||
tasmai namo vraja-janaiḥ saha cakra ātmanātmane
aho paśyata śailo ’sau rūpī no ’nugrahaṁ vyadhāt
TRANSLATION
Together with the people of Vraja, the Lord bowed down to this form of Govardhana Hill, thus in effect offering obeisances to Himself. Then He said, “Just see how this hill has appeared in person and bestowed mercy upon us!
COMMENTARY
In His form as a child standing among the festival-goers of Vṛndāvana, Kṛṣṇa led the Vrajavāsīs in bowing down to His new incarnation as Govardhana Hill, which was nothing but an expanded form of Himself. Then Kṛṣṇa spoke in one and half verses: “See how this hill has been merciful to us. This Govardhana Hill, assuming any form he wishes (such as snakes) will kill those who disrespect this sacrifice. Therefore we should offer respects to him.”
|| 10.24.37 ||
eṣo ’vajānato martyān kāma-rūpī vanaukasaḥ
hanti hy asmai namasyāmaḥ śarmaṇe ātmano gavām
TRANSLATION
“This Govardhana Hill, assuming any form he wishes, will kill any residents of the forest who neglect him. Therefore let us pay our obeisances to him for the safety of ourselves and our cows.”
|| 10.24.38 ||
ity adri-go-dvija-makhaṁ vāsudeva-pracoditāḥ
yathā vidhāya te gopā saha-kṛṣṇā vrajaṁ yayuḥ
TRANSLATION
The members of the cowherd community, having thus been inspired by Lord Vāsudeva to properly execute the sacrifice to Govardhana Hill, the cows and the brāhmaṇas, returned with Lord Kṛṣṇa to their village, Vraja.
COMMENTARY
Although these philosophies are not followed by devotees, Kṛṣṇa cited the atheistic Sāṅkhya and Karma-mīmāṁsā in order to stop the sacrifice to Indra. According to Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī, Śrī Kṛṣṇa presented six theoretical points in this chapter: 1) that karma alone is sufficient to determine one’s destiny; 2) that one’s conditioned nature (svabhāva) is the supreme controller; 3) that the modes of nature (guṇas) are the supreme controller; 4) that the Supreme Lord is simply a dependent aspect of karma; 5) that He is under the control of karma; and 6) that one’s occupation is the actual worshipable deity.
Śrī Kṛṣṇa presented these arguments not because He believed them, but rather because He wanted to stop the impending sacrifice to Indra and divert it to Himself in the form of Govardhana Hill. In this way Kṛṣṇa desired to agitate that falsely proud demigod.
Thus ends the commentary on the Twenty Fourth Chapter of the Tenth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas.
Chapter Twenty-five
|| 10.25.1 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca
indras tadātmanaḥ pūjāṁ vijñāya vihatāṁ nṛpa
gopebhyaḥ kṛṣṇa-nāthebhyo nandādibhyaś cukopa ha
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