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The Gopīs Songs of Separation (Gopī-gītā)
Содержание книги
- Indra, you may now go. Execute My order and remain in your ap-pointed position as King of heaven. But be sober, without false pride.
- Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
- Your father, who is sitting here, was brought to me by a foolish, ignorant servant of mine who did not understand his proper duty. Therefore, please forgive us.
- O Kṛṣṇa, O seer of everything, please give Your mercy even to me. O Govinda, You are most affectionate to Your father. Please take him home.
- Thus deeply considering the situation, the all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari revealed to the cowherd men His abode, which is beyond material darkness.
- Kṛṣṇa and the Gopīs Meet for the Rāsa Dance
- Some of the gopīs, however, could not manage to get out of their houses, and instead they remained home with eyes closed, meditating upon Him in pure love.
- Seeing that the girls of Vraja had arrived, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the best of speakers, greeted them with charming words that bewildered their minds.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said: O most fortunate ladies, welcome. What may I do to please you? Is everything well in Vraja? Please tell Me the reason for your coming here.
- This night is quite frightening, and frightening creatures are lurking about. Return to Vraja, slender-waisted girls. This is not a proper place for women.
- Not finding you at home, your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands are certainly searching for you. Don’t cause anxiety for your family members.
- The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
- For a woman from a respectable family, petty adulterous affairs are always condemned. They bar her from heaven, ruin her reputation and bring her difficulty and fear.
- Lord Keśava, seeing the gopīs too proud of their good fortune, wanted to relieve them of this pride and show them further mercy. Thus He immediately disappeared.
- The Gopīs Search for Kṛṣṇa
- O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?
- O most kind tulasī, to whom the feet of Govinda are so dear, have you seen that infallible one walk by, wearing you and encircled by swarms of bees?
- O mālati, O mallikā, O jāti and yūthikā, has Mādhava gone by here, giving you pleasure with the touch of His hand?
- Having spoken these words, the gopīs, distraught from searching for Kṛṣṇa, began to act out His various pastimes, fully absorbed in thoughts of Him.
- Don’t be afraid of the wind and rain,” said one gopī. “I will save you.” And with that she lifted her shawl above her head.
- Then another gopī spoke up: My dear cowherd boys, look at this raging forest fire! Quickly close your eyes and I will easily protect you.
- O girls! The dust of Govinda’s lotus feet is so sacred that even Brahmā, Śiva and the goddess Ramā take that dust upon their heads to dispel sinful reactions.
- She cried out: O master! My lover! O dearmost, where are You? Where are You? Please, O mighty-armed one, O friend, show Yourself to Me, Your poor servant!
- She told them how Mādhava had given Her much respect, but how She then suffered dishonor because of Her misbehavior. The gopīs were extremely amazed to hear this.
- The gopīs again came to the bank of the Kālindī. Meditating on Kṛṣṇa and eagerly hoping He would come, they sat down together to sing of Him.
- The Gopīs Songs of Separation (Gopī-gītā)
- One gopī joyfully took Kṛṣṇa’s hand between her folded palms, and another placed His arm, anointed with sandalwood paste, on her shoulder.
- A slender gopī respectfully took in her joined hands the betel nut He had chewed, and another gopī, burning with desire, put His lotus feet on her breasts.
- One gopī, beside herself with loving anger, bit her lips and stared at Him with frowning eyebrows, as if to wound Him with her harsh glances.
- Kettledrums then resounded in the sky while flowers rained down and the chief Gandharvas and their wives sang Lord Kṛṣṇa’s spotless glories.
- In the midst of the dancing gopīs, Lord Kṛṣṇa appeared most brilliant, like an exquisite sapphire in the midst of golden ornaments.
- Expanding Himself us many times as there were cowherd women to associate with, the Supreme Lord, though self-satisfied, playfully enjoyed their company.
- Seeing that the gopīs were fatigued from conjugal enjoyment, my dear King, merciful Kṛṣṇa lovingly wiped their faces with His comforting hand.
- O faithful upholder of vows, please destroy our doubt by explaining to us what purpose the self-satisfied Lord of the Yadus had in mind when He behaved so contemptibly.
- How, then, could the Lord of all created beings—animals, men and demigods—have any connection with the piety and impiety that affect His subject creatures?
- When the Lord assumes a humanlike body to show mercy to His devotees, He engages in such pastimes as will attract those who hear about them to become dedicated to Him.
- Nanda Mahārāja Saved and Śaṅkhacūḍa Slain
- ukadeva Gosvāmī said: One day the cowherd men, eager to take a trip to worship Lord Śiva, traveled by bullock carts to the Ambikā forest.
- Nanda, Sunanda and the other greatly fortunate cowherds spent that night on the bank of the Sarasvatī, strictly observing their vows. They fasted, taking only water.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said:] My dear sir, you appear so wonderful, glowing with such great beauty. Who are you? And who forced you to assume this terrible body of a snake?
- O master of mystic power, O great personality, O Lord of the devotees, I surrender to You. Please command me as You will, O supreme God, Lord of all lords of the universe.
- Once Lord Govinda and Lord Rāma, the performers of wonderful feats, were playing in the forest at night with the young girls of Vraja.
- The Lords called out in reply, “Do not fear!” Then They picked up logs of the śala tree and quickly pursued that lowest of Guhyakas, who swiftly ran away.
- Lord Govinda chased the demon wherever he ran, eager to take his crest jewel. Meanwhile Lord Balarāma stayed with the women to protect them.
- The Gopīs Sing of Kṛṣṇa as He Wanders in the Forest (Yugala-gītā)
- The Slaying of Ariṣṭa, the Bull Demon
- When the Supreme Lord saw the cowherd community distraught and fleeing in fear, He calmed them, saying, “Don’t be afraid.” Then He called out to the bull demon as follows.
- You fool! What do you think you’re doing, you wicked rascal, frightening the cowherd community and their animals when I am here just to punish corrupt miscreants like you!
- Thus repulsed by the Supreme Lord, the bull demon got up and, breathing hard and sweating all over his body, again charged Him in a mindless rage.
- Having thus killed the bull demon Ariṣṭa, He who is a festival for the gopīs’ eyes entered the cowherd village with Balarāma.
COMMENTARY
The gopīs spoke among themselves, “Alas, alas, wherever we go to find Kṛṣṇa, He runs away from there. Why should we trouble ourselves needlessly by wandering about the forest? Without Kṛṣṇa’s wish, we can never attain Him, as is stated in the Kaṭha Upaniṣad (1.2.23), yam evaiṣa vṛṇute tena labhyaḥ: ‘Kṛṣṇa reveals Himself only to that person whom He chooses.’”
“In other words, only by Kṛṣṇa’s mercy can we see Him. By chanting His name we will surely attain Kṛṣṇa’s mercy.” Thinking thus the gopīs returned (punaḥ) to the bank of the Yamunā, where they had previously associated with Kṛṣṇa, and engaged in singing (Kṛṣṇa jaguḥ) and meditating upon Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa-bhāvanāḥ). By their behaviour the Vraja-gopīs established the philosophical conclusion that Kṛṣṇa reveals Himself according to His free will.
Thus ends the commentary on the Thirtieth Chapter of the Tenth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas.
Chapter Thirty-one
[Editor’s note: This chapter relates how the gopīs, overwhelmed by feelings of separation from Kṛṣṇa, sat down on the bank of the Yamunā after continuously searching for Kṛṣṇa for a long time. Each gopī began addressing Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the personal manifestation of all enjoyable tastes, according to her individual mode of ecstasy and praying for His merciful darśana. As the pastimes of Kṛṣṇa spontaneously arose in the minds of the gopīs, whose consciousness was fully imbued with His presence, they sang their song (Gopī-gītā), which relieves the agony of those suffering from the burning pain of separation from Kṛṣṇa and which bestows supreme auspiciousness.
Although the Śrīmad Bhāgavatam says that Kṛṣṇa was not physically present before the gopīs while they were speaking, Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, by the power of His prema-filled vision, reveals some extremely charming dialogues between Śrī Kṛṣṇa and the gopīs. He also describes the beautiful thoughts of the gopīs while they were crying out to Kṛṣṇa. In presenting Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura’s commentaries on each verse, we have given Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s direct responses to the gopīs’ questions and statements, rather than introducing Kṛṣṇa’s words with phrases such as, “In response to the gopī’s question, Kṛṣṇa might have replied as follows.” In this regard, some ācāryas state that Kṛṣṇa was hiding in the bushes just beside the gopīs listening to their every love-filled utterance.]
|| 10.31.1 ||
gopya ūcuḥ
jayati te ’dhikaṁ janmanā vrajaḥ śrayata indirā śaśvad atra hi
dayita dṛśyatāṁ dikṣu tāvakās tvayi dhṛtāsavas tvāṁ vicinvate
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