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The gopīs again came to the bank of the Kālindī. Meditating on Kṛṣṇa and eagerly hoping He would come, they sat down together to sing of Him.
Содержание книги
- My dear Lord, when my sacrifice was disrupted I became fiercely angry because of false pride. Thus I tried to destroy Your cowherd community with severe rain and wind.
- Indra, you may now go. Execute My order and remain in your ap-pointed position as King of heaven. But be sober, without false pride.
- Kṛṣṇa Rescues Nanda Mahārāja
- Your father, who is sitting here, was brought to me by a foolish, ignorant servant of mine who did not understand his proper duty. Therefore, please forgive us.
- O Kṛṣṇa, O seer of everything, please give Your mercy even to me. O Govinda, You are most affectionate to Your father. Please take him home.
- Thus deeply considering the situation, the all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead Hari revealed to the cowherd men His abode, which is beyond material darkness.
- Kṛṣṇa and the Gopīs Meet for the Rāsa Dance
- Some of the gopīs, however, could not manage to get out of their houses, and instead they remained home with eyes closed, meditating upon Him in pure love.
- Seeing that the girls of Vraja had arrived, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the best of speakers, greeted them with charming words that bewildered their minds.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said: O most fortunate ladies, welcome. What may I do to please you? Is everything well in Vraja? Please tell Me the reason for your coming here.
- This night is quite frightening, and frightening creatures are lurking about. Return to Vraja, slender-waisted girls. This is not a proper place for women.
- Not finding you at home, your mothers, fathers, sons, brothers and husbands are certainly searching for you. Don’t cause anxiety for your family members.
- The highest religious duty for a woman is to sincerely serve her husband, behave well toward her husband’s family and take good care of her children.
- For a woman from a respectable family, petty adulterous affairs are always condemned. They bar her from heaven, ruin her reputation and bring her difficulty and fear.
- Lord Keśava, seeing the gopīs too proud of their good fortune, wanted to relieve them of this pride and show them further mercy. Thus He immediately disappeared.
- The Gopīs Search for Kṛṣṇa
- O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?
- O most kind tulasī, to whom the feet of Govinda are so dear, have you seen that infallible one walk by, wearing you and encircled by swarms of bees?
- O mālati, O mallikā, O jāti and yūthikā, has Mādhava gone by here, giving you pleasure with the touch of His hand?
- Having spoken these words, the gopīs, distraught from searching for Kṛṣṇa, began to act out His various pastimes, fully absorbed in thoughts of Him.
- Don’t be afraid of the wind and rain,” said one gopī. “I will save you.” And with that she lifted her shawl above her head.
- Then another gopī spoke up: My dear cowherd boys, look at this raging forest fire! Quickly close your eyes and I will easily protect you.
- O girls! The dust of Govinda’s lotus feet is so sacred that even Brahmā, Śiva and the goddess Ramā take that dust upon their heads to dispel sinful reactions.
- She cried out: O master! My lover! O dearmost, where are You? Where are You? Please, O mighty-armed one, O friend, show Yourself to Me, Your poor servant!
- She told them how Mādhava had given Her much respect, but how She then suffered dishonor because of Her misbehavior. The gopīs were extremely amazed to hear this.
- The gopīs again came to the bank of the Kālindī. Meditating on Kṛṣṇa and eagerly hoping He would come, they sat down together to sing of Him.
- The Gopīs Songs of Separation (Gopī-gītā)
- One gopī joyfully took Kṛṣṇa’s hand between her folded palms, and another placed His arm, anointed with sandalwood paste, on her shoulder.
- A slender gopī respectfully took in her joined hands the betel nut He had chewed, and another gopī, burning with desire, put His lotus feet on her breasts.
- One gopī, beside herself with loving anger, bit her lips and stared at Him with frowning eyebrows, as if to wound Him with her harsh glances.
- Kettledrums then resounded in the sky while flowers rained down and the chief Gandharvas and their wives sang Lord Kṛṣṇa’s spotless glories.
- In the midst of the dancing gopīs, Lord Kṛṣṇa appeared most brilliant, like an exquisite sapphire in the midst of golden ornaments.
- Expanding Himself us many times as there were cowherd women to associate with, the Supreme Lord, though self-satisfied, playfully enjoyed their company.
- Seeing that the gopīs were fatigued from conjugal enjoyment, my dear King, merciful Kṛṣṇa lovingly wiped their faces with His comforting hand.
- O faithful upholder of vows, please destroy our doubt by explaining to us what purpose the self-satisfied Lord of the Yadus had in mind when He behaved so contemptibly.
- How, then, could the Lord of all created beings—animals, men and demigods—have any connection with the piety and impiety that affect His subject creatures?
- When the Lord assumes a humanlike body to show mercy to His devotees, He engages in such pastimes as will attract those who hear about them to become dedicated to Him.
- Nanda Mahārāja Saved and Śaṅkhacūḍa Slain
- ukadeva Gosvāmī said: One day the cowherd men, eager to take a trip to worship Lord Śiva, traveled by bullock carts to the Ambikā forest.
- Nanda, Sunanda and the other greatly fortunate cowherds spent that night on the bank of the Sarasvatī, strictly observing their vows. They fasted, taking only water.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa said:] My dear sir, you appear so wonderful, glowing with such great beauty. Who are you? And who forced you to assume this terrible body of a snake?
- O master of mystic power, O great personality, O Lord of the devotees, I surrender to You. Please command me as You will, O supreme God, Lord of all lords of the universe.
- Once Lord Govinda and Lord Rāma, the performers of wonderful feats, were playing in the forest at night with the young girls of Vraja.
- The Lords called out in reply, “Do not fear!” Then They picked up logs of the śala tree and quickly pursued that lowest of Guhyakas, who swiftly ran away.
- Lord Govinda chased the demon wherever he ran, eager to take his crest jewel. Meanwhile Lord Balarāma stayed with the women to protect them.
- The Gopīs Sing of Kṛṣṇa as He Wanders in the Forest (Yugala-gītā)
- The Slaying of Ariṣṭa, the Bull Demon
- When the Supreme Lord saw the cowherd community distraught and fleeing in fear, He calmed them, saying, “Don’t be afraid.” Then He called out to the bull demon as follows.
- You fool! What do you think you’re doing, you wicked rascal, frightening the cowherd community and their animals when I am here just to punish corrupt miscreants like you!
- Thus repulsed by the Supreme Lord, the bull demon got up and, breathing hard and sweating all over his body, again charged Him in a mindless rage.
COMMENTARY
When Rādhā regained consciousness due to the loud wailing of the gopīs and their services of fanning, the gopīs asked Her, “Ah, sakhī! Please tell us what happened to You?”
Rādhā replied, “Ah, sakhīs! How have I allowed Myself to become separated from You? I am so foolish and independent. I simply do not know what is best for Me. Rather I must conclude that it is because of My hardhearted nature that 1 have received both honor and dishonor. Neglecting all of You, who have thousands of times more love for Him than Me, and causing you to burn in the fire of separation from Him, Kṛṣṇa enjoyed with Me alone. But this was simply His wickedness.”
“And it was simply wickedness for Me, being a stupid fool, to tell that mischievous son of the king, ‘I cannot walk any further; just carry Me wherever You want.’ That was My hard-heartedness, for by saying this I have obtained such dishonor. In this way My mind fell into the greatest sorrow for two reasons (His wickedness and Mine).”
Rādhā thus exhibited enmity toward Her lover, humility before the gopīs, and wretchedness toward Herself. When Śukadeva Gosvāmī uses the word daurātmyā (wickedness) he is simply repeating the words of Rādhā, like a parrot. The word durātma actually means one whose body (ātmā) is far away (dur) from Kṛṣṇa, or she from whom Kṛṣṇa is far. One who possesses this feeling is called daurātmyā. Therefore, this word indicates Rādhā’s ecstatic sentiments (bhāva), which are based on Her separation from Kṛṣṇa.
Being completely amazed, the gopīs said, “O sakhī! It was quite fitting that Kṛṣṇa gave special treatment to You alone. It was not hard-heartedness on Kṛṣṇa’s part. Your adopting a mood of controlling Your consort and ordering Him around when You were fatigued from loving pastimes is not wickedness on Your part. but rather served to enhance the loving mood. But for the favorable lover to ignore the order of a woman after enjoying her, and to then bring her to such a miserable state certainly leads to an unfortunate situation, and is an obstruction to the loving mood. This is the sign of His wickedness. Alas, alas, how has the greatest of expert lovers and the most loving ocean of mercy done such a thing?” Thus the Vraja-gopīs expressed their astonishment.
|| 10.30.42 ||
tato ’viśan vanaṁ candra jyotsnā yāvad vibhāvyate
tamaḥ praviṣṭam ālakṣya tato nivavṛtuḥ striyaḥ
TRANSLATION
In search of Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs then entered the depths of the forest as far as the light of the moon shone. But when they found themselves engulfed in darkness, they decided to turn back.
COMMENTARY
Then the gopīs along with Rādhā, who in Her anxiety was clutching the hand of a friend for support, began to search for Kṛṣṇa. Even though it was a full-moon night, the forest was completely dark because of the dense covering of trees. This is explained in the Viṣṇu Purāṇa:
praviṣṭo gahanaṁ kṛṣṇaḥ padam atra na lakṣyate
nivartadhvaṁ śaśāṅkasya naitad dīdhiti-gocaraḥ
“One gopī said, Kṛṣṇa has entered such a dark part of the forest that we cannot possibly see His footprints. Therefore let us turn back from this area, which even the light of the moon cannot reach.”
That the gopīs returned because of the darkness is the external meaning. Actually they returned for the following reason. “O friends, drowning in the ocean of distress. You are shrinking back out of fear that you will not be able to see the cloud-like black body of Kṛṣṇa in this dense darkness. But don’t be embarrassed. After all, wherever you go to look for Kṛṣṇa He will simply slink away and go elsewhere. Let us not waste our time any longer, because all our endeavors will just tire His tender body.” Thinking thus, they desisted.
|| 10.30.43 ||
tan-manaskās tad-alāpās tad-viceṣṭās tad-ātmikāḥ
tad-guṇān eva gāyantyo nātmagārāṇi sasmaruḥ
TRANSLATION
Their minds absorbed in thoughts of Him, they conversed about Him, acted out His pastimes and felt themselves filled with His presence. They completely forgot about their homes as they loudly sang the glories of Kṛṣṇa’s transcendental qualities.
COMMENTARY
While the gopīs filled their minds with thoughts (tan-manaskās) of Kṛṣṇa, as they previously did, their madness (unmāda) became subdued, and they engaged in conversing about Him (tad ālāpās). They said, “O aśvattha tree, have you seen Kṛṣṇa?”
When the gopīs’ madness manifested to a moderate degree (the medium state of unmāda), they imitated Kṛṣṇa’s pastimes (tad-viceṣṭās) as in the verse kṛṣṇāyanty apibat stanam, “one gopī imitated Kṛṣṇa drinking milk.” When their madness reached its peak (the full state of unmāda), the gopīs forgot themselves and identified totally (tad-ātmikāḥ) with Kṛṣṇa, as in the verse kṛṣṇo ’haṁ paśyata gatim, One gopī said, “I am Kṛṣṇa, see the way I walk.”
In this way the gopīs forgot their identities and merged with Kṛṣṇa’s identity. Under the influence of their past habit the gopīs loudly sang (gāyantyo) about Kṛṣṇa’s wonderful qualities (tad-guṇān) as is described in the fourth verse of this chapter: gāyantya uccair amum eva saṁhatā.
|| 10.30.44 ||
punaḥ pulinam āgatya kālindyāḥ kṛṣṇa-bhāvanāḥ
samavetā jaguḥ kṛṣṇaṁ tad-āgamana-kāṅkṣitāḥ
TRANSLATION
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