O kurabaka tree, O aśoka, O nāga, punnāga and campaka, has Balarāma’s younger brother, whose smile removes the audacity of all proud women, passed this way?

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TRANSLATION

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: When Lord Kṛṣṇa disappeared so suddenly, the gopīs felt great sorrow at losing sight of Him, like a group of female elephants who have lost their mate.

COMMENTARY

This chapter describes the gopīs’ madness in separation, their inquiring from the trees about Kṛṣṇa, and their imitation of Kṛṣṇa’s pastimes. It also tells how Kṛṣṇa enjoyed with Rādhikā and then abandoned Her.

The word acakṣāṇāḥ (not seeing) means the same as apaśyantaḥ. Not seeing Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs became filled with pain like female elephants losing their mate.

|| 10.30.2 ||

gatyānurāga-smita-vibhramekṣitair
mano-ramālāpa-vihāra-vibhramaiḥ

ākṣipta-cittāḥ pramadā ramā-pates

tās tā viceṣṭā jagṛhus tad-ātmikāḥ

TRANSLATION

As the cowherd women remembered Lord Kṛṣṇa, their hearts were overwhelmed by His movements and loving smiles, His playful glances and enchanting talks, and by the many other pastimes He would enjoy with them. Thus absorbed in thoughts of Kṛṣṇa, the Lord of Ramā, the gopīs began acting out His various transcendental pastimes.

COMMENTARY

The gopīs began searching for Kṛṣṇa here and there, and not finding Him, their agony of separation increased more and more. The sañcārī-bhāva of unmāda (divine madness), which appeared due to this pain of separation, is described in two verses in its manifest and unmanifest state.

First, Kṛṣṇa, ramā-pateḥ (the master of all beauty and opulence), approaches the gopīs with the natural movements of His feet. Coming before the gopīs, Kṛṣṇa shows His affectionate gentle smiles and glances, in which the pupils of His eyes dart about in a special way. After attracting the gopīs’ minds, Kṛṣṇa captivates them with charming conversations such as the following:

Kṛṣṇa: “Oh lotus lady! Are you going to offer your honey to this very thirsty honeybee or not?”

Gopī: “O bee! The husband of the lotuses is the sun, not the bee. How can we allow You to drink our honey?”

Kṛṣṇa: “But My dear lotus, ‘the very nature of you lotuses is that you don’t give your honey to your husband, the sun, but rather to your paramour, the bee.’ Defeated by Kṛṣṇa’s words, the gopī would laugh and then let Kṛṣṇa drink the honey of her lips.”

To another gopī Kṛṣṇa said, “Ah, I can understand that as you approached this kadamba tree standing here, you were bitten by an audacious snake. Its venom has already reached your chest, but since you are a respectable maiden you haven’t asked Me to cure you. Still I’ve come, being merciful by nature. Now, while I massage your body, I’ll chant a mantra to counteract the serpent’s poison.”

Gopī: “But, my dear snake charmer, no snake has bitten me. Go massage the body of some girl who actually has suffered a snake bite.”

Kṛṣṇa: “Come now, My dear respectable girl, from your trembling voice I can tell that you are experiencing a feverish reaction to poisoning. Knowing this, if I don’t take care of you I’ll be guilty of killing an innocent woman. So let Me treat you.” Saying this Kṛṣṇa scratched her breasts with His fingernails.

Then Kṛṣṇa and the gopīs would enjoy (vihara) pastimes of union (samprayoga). After that there would be vibhrama, madness due to love. The scriptures say, citta-vṛtty-anavasthānaṁ sṛṇgārād vibhramo mataḥ: “Failure of the mind to function on account of conjugal feelings (sṛṇgāra-rasa) is called vibhrama” As the gopīs, in their state of separation, remembered these ecstatic moments with Kṛṣṇa, their minds became overwhelmed (ākṣipta).

“Ah, what are you doing here? Go out again and look for the darling of your life!” In this way, the gopīs chastised their own minds, which were on the verge of leaving their bodies.

They acted like this because they were in pramada, a state of extreme madness due to the loss of one’s mind. Then rising to the stage of unmāda (complete madness), the gopīs’ minds became totally absorbed (tad-ātmika) in Kṛṣṇa. At this time, the gopīs intelligently imitated the wonderful pastimes (tās tā viceṣṭā jagṛhus) of Kṛṣṇa.

|| 10.30.3 ||

gati-smita-prekṣaṇa-bhāṣaṇādiṣu

priyāḥ priyasya pratirūḍha-mūrtayaḥ

asāv ahaṁ tv ity abalās tad-ātmikā

nyavediṣuḥ kṛṣṇa-vihāra-vibhramāḥ

TRANSLATION

Because the beloved gopīs were absorbed in thoughts of their beloved Kṛṣṇa, their bodies imitated His way of moving and smiling, His way of beholding them, His speech and His other distinctive features. Deeply immersed in thinking of Him and maddened by remembering His pastimes, they declared to one another, “I am Kṛṣṇa!”

COMMENTARY

The verse describes the mature state of the gopīs’ condition of unmāda. Absorbed in the gait and other characteristics of Kṛṣṇa mentioned in the previous verse, the gopīs imitated the Lord. First the actions of Kṛṣṇa entered the senses and mind of gopīs’ bodies, and then the gopīs bodies entered into the various actions and qualities of Kṛṣṇa.

Due to madness the gopīs lost all sense of distinction and considered, “I am Kṛṣṇa” and “Kṛṣṇa is me.” As the gopīs reached the topmost limits of tasting this rāsa they became tad-ātmika in the sense that their selves assumed a likeness to Kṛṣṇa as they announced to each other “I am Kṛṣṇa” (asāva aham). But they did not adopt the mood of ahaṅgrahopāsanā (thinking oneself one with the Supreme) as is established by the words priyāh-priyasya. None of the gopīs were conscious at all that they were women of Vraja. They had attained a unique state of madness, unmāda or vibhramah, in which they identified completely with Kṛṣṇa in His pastimes.

|| 10.30.4 ||

gāyantya uccair amum eva saṁhatā

vicikyur unmattaka-vad vanād vanam

papracchur ākāśa-vad antaraṁ bahir

bhūteṣu santaṁ puruṣaṁ vanaspatīn

TRANSLATION

Singing loudly of Kṛṣṇa, they searched for Him throughout the Vṛndāvana forest like a band of madwomen. They even asked the trees about Him, who as the Supersoul is present inside and outside of all created things, just like the sky.

COMMENTARY

When that unmāda passed its peak and began to subside, the gopīs began to search for Kṛṣṇa in a half conscious state. That is described in this verse. Grief stricken because of separation from their beloved, they thought, “we must search for Kṛṣṇa.” Coming together in a group, they wandered from forest to forest singing loudly of Kṛṣṇa. Lost in the madness of love, the gopīs even asked the trees about Kṛṣṇa. This is a symptom of their unmāda state.

Someone may argue, “We know that Kṛṣṇa was enjoying with Rādhā, the chief gopī, at that time. Therefore, was He even aware of the questions that the gopīs were asking in their state of unmāda?” This doubt is clarified by the words describing Kṛṣṇa as pervading inside and outside of all entities (antaram bahir bhūteṣu) like the sky (ākāśa). In other words, although Kṛṣṇa’s original personal form remains undivided, He is also omnipresent. Therefore, Kṛṣṇa heard the gopīs’ questions in those places, though unnoticed by them.

|| 10.30.5 ||

dṛṣṭo vaḥ kaccid aśvattha plakṣa nyagrodha no manaḥ

nanda-sūnur gato hṛtvā prema-hāsāvalokanaiḥ

TRANSLATION

[The gopīs said:] O aśvattha tree, O plakṣa, O nyagrodha, have you seen Kṛṣṇa? That son of Nanda Mahārāja has gone away after stealing our minds with His loving smiles and glances.

COMMENTARY

The gopīs pose nine questions about Kṛṣṇa’s whereabouts in verses five through fifteen. “Because the plakṣa, aśvattha and other trees are so tall, they surely must see Kṛṣṇa even if He is far away,” thinking this, the gopīs inquire from the trees in this verse. The plaksa tree is the pīlu and the nyagrodha is the banyan tree.

Fearing the trees would say, “Why are you asking?” the gopīs said, “Though Kṛṣṇa is the son of the pious Nanda Mahārāja, He has stolen the hearts of us women and run away. He sent His servants as thieves in the form of His sweet smiles and bold glances along with a special bewildering potion of prema which maddens everyone. Passing through the gates of our eyes into the city of our hearts, these thieves have stolen the jewel of our minds and run off.”

Standing silently for a short time in expectation of an answer, the gopīs thought, “Oh, these trees are useless! They are so proud that they simply ignore us, refusing to give any answer. We have had enough of these trees, who have meager fruits and are ignorant of their religious duty of helping others. Besides, their buds aren’t blossoming and their hearts are impure.” Thinking in this way, the gopīs left the trees and went elsewhere.

|| 10.30.6 ||

kaccit kurabakāśoka-nāga-punnāga-campakāḥ

rāmānujo māninīnām ito darpa-hara-smitaḥ

TRANSLATION

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