Then, as the sun set, the forest was covered by darkness in every direction, and with all the flooding we could not distinguish high land from low.

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▷ Содержание

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TRANSLATION

[The residents of the palace said:] What pious acts has this unkempt, impoverished brāhmaṇa performed? People regard him as lowly and contemptible, yet the spiritual master of the three worlds, the abode of Goddess Śrī, is serving him reverently. Leaving the goddess of fortune sitting on her bed, the Lord has embraced this brāhmaṇa as if he were an older brother.

COMMENTARY

These two verses describe the astonishment of the Dvārakāvāsīs. Sudāmā was lowly (adhamena) in the sense that he was dressed in shabby cloth.

|| 10.80.27 ||

kathayāṁ cakratur gāthāḥ pūrvā guru-kule satoḥ

ātmanor lalitā rājan karau gṛhya parasparam

TRANSLATION

[Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued:] Taking each other’s hands, O King, Kṛṣṇa and Sudāmā talked pleasantly about how they once lived together in the school of their guru.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa and Sudāmā talked about their school days while holding (gṛhya) hands with each other.

|| 10.80.28 ||

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

api brahman guru-kulād bhavatā labdha-dakṣiṇāt

samāvṛttena dharma-jña bhāryoḍhā sadṛśī na vā

TRANSLATION

The Supreme Lord said: My dear brāhmaṇa, you know well the ways of dharma. After you offered the gift of remuneration to our guru and returned home from his school, did you marry a compatible wife or not?

COMMENTARY

Though Sudāmā was dressed as a householder, he did not appear to be enjoying any material pleasure. Therefore, Kṛṣṇa asked him if he was married or not.

Kṛṣṇa said, “You know well the religious principle (dharma-jña) that after graduating from school one should get married in order to prevent the fault of having no āśrama.”

|| 10.80.29 ||

prāyo gṛheṣu te cittam akāma-vihitaṁ tathā

naivāti-prīyase vidvan dhaneṣu viditaṁ hi me

TRANSLATION

Even though you are mostly involved in household affairs, your mind is not affected by material desires. Nor, O learned one, do you take much pleasure in the pursuit of material wealth. This I am well aware of.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “Even though you are not speaking out of embarrass-ment, I know the actual situation.” Kṛṣṇa reveals this in this verse. “Sudāmā, though you are a householder, your heart is not disturbed by lust. O wise one (vidvan), I know that because you understand the temporary nature of material enjoyment, you have little attraction for wealth, clothing and other things. Therefore, these material things have not been given to you.”

The two words prāyo (for the most part) and ati (very much) imply that “for the sake of your wife you are displaying a favorable disposition toward material wealth.” This indicates that Kṛṣṇa will give these things later.

Kṛṣṇa said, “Just see! Though this man is a householder, he is without desires and does not want anything from others. Even if he is given some charity by force, still he will not accept it.”

At this time Kṛṣṇa thought, “To broadcast Sudāmā’s fame in Dvārakā, I will not reveal his desire to anyone, nor outwardly give any charity to him here.”

|| 10.80.30 ||

kecit kurvanti karmāṇi kāmair ahata-cetasaḥ

tyajantaḥ prakṛtīr daivīr yathāhaṁ loka-saṅgraham

TRANSLATION

Having renounced all material propensities, which spring from the Lord’s illusory energy, some people execute worldly duties with their minds undisturbed by mundane desires. They act as I do, to instruct the general populace.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “I know very well that you did not take sannyāsa like others, even though you are renounced. Those who are detached engage in work even though their minds are not attracted by material desires. By working in this way they give up the perverted propensity of the mind to create desires for material enjoyment. As a householder, I act according to the scriptural injunctions in order to teach the people in general.”

|| 10.80.31 ||

kaccid guru-kule vāsaṁ brahman smarasi nau yataḥ

dvijo vijñāya vijñeyaṁ tamasaḥ pāram aśnute

TRANSLATION

My dear brāhmaṇa, do you remember how we lived together in our spiritual master’s school? When a twice-born student has learned from his guru all that is to be learned, he can enjoy spiritual life, which lies beyond all ignorance.

COMMENTARY

In his mind, Sudāmā doubted, “Because Kṛṣṇa worships me in this way though I am so lowly, does He actually recognize who I am or not?” To dispel this doubt, Kṛṣṇa reminds Sudāmā of their school days together in twelve verses (31-43). Kṛṣṇa said, “Do you remember our living at the gurukula? By knowing (vijñeyam) the true nature of the Supreme Personality of Godhead a brāhmaṇa can transcend material existence (tamasaḥ)”

|| 10.80.32 ||

sa vai sat-karmaṇāṁ sākṣād dvijāter iha sambhavaḥ

ādyo ’ṅga yatrāśramiṇāṁ yathāhaṁ jñāna-do guruḥ

TRANSLATION

My dear friend, he who gives a person his physical birth is his first spiritual master, and he who initiates him as a twice-born brāhmaṇa and engages him in religious duties is indeed more directly his spiritual master. But the person who bestows transcendental know-ledge upon the members of all the spiritual orders of society is one’s ultimate spiritual master. Indeed, he is as good as My own self.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “In human life there are three gurus: one’s father, the one who gives upanayanam, and the one who teaches about Me. Of these the last is most worshipable. The father, who makes possible our birth (sambhavaḥ) in this world (iha), is the first guru (ādyaḥ). He who gives upanayanam, teaches Gāyatrī mantra, and engages one in sanctified activities (sat-karmaṇāṁ) is the second guru. But he who gives knowledge to the people in the four āśramas, and who teaches about Me is to be worshiped on the same level as Me (yathāhaṁ:mat-tulyaḥ).”

|| 10.80.33 ||

nanv artha-kovidā brahman varṇāśrama-vatām iha

ye mayā guruṇā vācā taranty añjo bhavārṇavam

TRANSLATION

Certainly, O brāhmaṇa, of all the followers of the varṇāśrama system, those who take advantage of the words I speak in My form as the spiritual master and thus easily cross over the ocean of material existence best understand their own true welfare.

COMMENTARY

In this verse Kṛṣṇa describes how the third guru delivers his student from the material world. Kṛṣṇa said, “Certainly (nanu:niṣcitam eva), among those following the varṇāśrama system, they who know the highest truth easily cross the ocean of material existence by hearing from a bonafide guru who teaches about Me and initiates them into My mantra. Such a guru is My very form (mayā guruṇā).”

|| 10.80.34 ||

nāham ijyā-prajātibhyāṁ tapasopaśamena vā

tuṣyeyaṁ sarva-bhūtātmā guru-śuśrūṣayā yathā

TRANSLATION

I, the Soul of all beings, am not as satisfied by ritual worship, brahminical initiation, penances or self-discipline as I am by faithful service rendered to one’s spiritual master.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “Therefore the guru who teaches about Me is most worthy of being faithfully served. Even though I am the Soul of all beings (sarva-bhūtātmā), I am not as satisfied by ritual worship, brahminical initiation, penances or self-discipline as I am by faithful service rendered to one’s spiritual master.”

|| 10.80.35-36 ||

api naḥ smaryate brahman vṛttaṁ nivasatāṁ gurau

guru-dāraiś coditānām indhanānayane kvacit

praviṣṭānāṁ mahāraṇyam apartau su-mahad dvija

vāta-varṣam abhūt tīvraṁ niṣṭhurāḥ stanayitnavaḥ

TRANSLATION

O brāhmaṇa, do you remember what happened to us while we were living with our spiritual master? Once our guru’s wife sent us to fetch firewood, and after we entered the vast forest, O twice-born one, an unseasonal storm arose, with fierce wind and rain and harsh thunder.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “Do you remember the incident that happened while we were living (nivasatāṁ) with our guru? It was winter and a great storm suddenly arose with wind, rain and thundering clouds although it was unseasonal (apa-ṛtau).”

|| 10.80.37 ||

sūryaś cāstaṁ gatas tāvat tamasā cāvṛtā diśaḥ

nimnaṁ kūlaṁ jala-mayaṁ na prājñāyata kiñcana

TRANSLATION

|| 10.80.38 ||

vayaṁ bhṛśam tatra mahānilāmbubhir nihanyamānā mahur ambu-samplave

diśo ’vidanto ’tha parasparaṁ vane gṛhīta-hastāḥ paribabhrimāturāḥ

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