Draupadī Meets the Queens of Kṛṣṇa

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TRANSLATION

Rendering devotional service to Me qualifies any living being for eternal life. But by your good fortune you have developed a special loving attitude toward Me, by which you have obtained Me.

COMMENTARY

The gopīs replied, “O crest-jewel of clever speakers! That Supreme Lord You are blaming is none other than Yourself. Everyone in the world knows this! Why should we be ignorant of this fact?”

“But My dear girlfriends,” Kṛṣṇa replied, “If this is true, I must be God, but still I am conquered by your loving affection.”

Thus Kṛṣṇa speaks this verse: “Just by devotion to Me, one can achieve liberation (amṛtatvāya). But that you have attained affection for Me is My good fortune (diṣṭyā), since it causes you to attain Me (mad āpanaḥ).” The hidden meaning of Kṛṣṇa’s words is as follows: “Your affection drags Me to you by force. It brings Me close to you, and it assures that very soon I will come to remain permanently with you.”

|| 10.82.45 ||

ahaṁ hi sarva-bhūtānām ādir anto ’ntaraṁ bahiḥ

bhautikānāṁ yathā khaṁ vār bhūr vāyur jyotir aṅganāḥ

TRANSLATION

Dear ladies, I am the beginning and end of all created beings and exist both within and without them, just as the elements ether, water, earth, air and fire are the beginning and end of all material objects and exist both within and without them.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “Furthermore, if you know that I am the Supreme Lord, then you should not feel any suffering in separation from Me. Your unhappiness must be due to a lack of discrimination. Therefore please take this instruction from Me, which will remove your ignorance. Actually the truth of the matter is that you gopīs were great masters of yoga in your previous lives, and thus you must already know this science of jñāna-yoga. Furthermore, whether I try to teach you personally or through My representative such as Uddhava, it will not produce the desired result. Jñāna-yoga simply causes suffering for those who are fully immersed in pure love of Godhead.” With this idea in mind Kṛṣṇa speaks this verse.

Kṛṣṇa said, “Of all beings, namely demigods, humans and animals I am the beginning and end. I am present both inside and outside of them, just as the five primary elements (earth, water, air, fire, ether) exist within all bodies from beginning to end. O young ladies (aṅganāḥ)! Since you are only women, you do not understand this truth about Me.”

|| 10.82.46 ||

evaṁ hy etāni bhūtāni bhūteṣv ātmātmanā tataḥ

ubhayaṁ mayy atha pare paśyatābhātam akṣare

TRANSLATION

In this way all created things reside within the basic elements of creation, while the spirit souls pervade the creation, remaining in their own true identity. You should see both of these—the material creation and the self—as manifest within Me, the imperishable Supreme Truth.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “In this way (evam hi) the material elements such as ether exist in the bodies (bhūtānām) of all created beings, and the soul (ātmā:jīva) pervades the body in his own true form (ātmanā:svarūpeṇa). You should see that the material elements, their products and the living entities are all manifested (ābhātam:prakāsitam) within and pervaded by Me, the imperishable, perfectly complete Supreme Soul (pare:paramātma) and underlying reality (adhiṣṭhāna-tattva) of everything. Thus it is established that your bodies and souls exist within Me at all times. Therefore, what is the source of your feelings of separation from Me? It is simply caused by your lack of discrimination.’’

|| 10.82.47 ||

śrī-śuka uvāca

adhyātma-śikṣayā gopya evaṁ kṛṣṇena śikṣitāḥ

tad-anusmaraṇa-dhvasta-jīva-kośās tam adhyagan

TRANSLATION

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Having thus been instructed by Kṛṣṇa in spiritual matters, the gopīs were freed of all tinges of false ego because of their incessant meditation upon Him. And with their deepening absorption in Him, they came to understand Him fully.

COMMENTARY

The esoteric meaning of the above five verses (42-46) is found in Vaiṣṇava-tośaṇi. These instructions on spiritual knowledge (adhyātma-śikṣayā) enlightened (sikṣitāḥ:bodhitāḥ) the gopīs. The scorching sun of the gopīs’ incessant meditation (anusmaraṇa) on Kṛṣṇa arising from their feelings of separation from Him destroyed the inner essence (kośa:antar-bhāgaḥ) of their night blooming, lotus-like lives (jīvana-kumudasya), just as a flower is destroyed by excessive sunlight. The only thing that kept the gopīs alive was their hope of attaining Kṛṣṇa.

The gopīs realized (aḍhyagan) that “He who taught us about dharma at the beginning of the rāsa dance, even though we had not inquired about it, and who instructed us in the principles of theoretical knowledge through Uddhava, is now again teaching us philosophical knowledge (adhyātma-śikṣayā). We should know that this is Kṛṣṇa’s nature and it is hard for Him to give it up.”

It is not correct to say that jīva-kośās means the subtle material body (liṅga-deha) of the gopīs, because the eternal associates of Kṛṣṇa do not have material bodies. It cannot be accepted that even the sādhana-siddha gopīs who enjoyed with Kṛṣṇa had material bodies.

|| 10.82.48 ||

āhuś ca te nalina-nābha padāravindaṁ

yogeśvarair hṛdi vicintyam agādha-bodhaiḥ

saṁsāra-kūpa-patitottaraṇāvalambaṁ

gehaṁ juṣām api manasy udiyāt sadā naḥ

TRANSLATION

The gopīs spoke thus: Dear Lord, whose navel is just like a lotus flower, Your lotus feet are the only shelter for those who have fallen into the deep well of material existence. Your feet are worshiped and meditated upon by great mystic yogīs and highly learned philosophers. We wish that these lotus feet may also be awakened within our hearts, although we are only ordinary persons engaged in household affairs.

COMMENTARY

āhuś ca, “the gopīs said” implies that these seemingly reverential words were actually spoken by the gopīs in the following mood of anger: “O Supreme Lord. O directly manifest Supersoul, O crest jewel of teachers of philosophical knowledge! Understanding that we have great attachment to house, wealth and family, You previously had Uddhava instruct us and now personally You are purifying our hearts with knowledge to destroy that ignorance. Thus we understand that Your pure love for us is free from any motivation other than assuring our liberation. But how can we unintelligent cowherd women fix that knowledge in our hearts? We cannot even meditate steadily on Your feet, the focus of realization for great souls like Brahmā. Therefore please be merciful to us and do something to make that possible.

“We are still suffering the reactions of our karma, so how can we meditate on Your feet, which are the object of meditation for the masters of yoga (yogeśvarair). Such yogīs are immeasurably wise, but we are mere feeble-minded women. Please do something to get us out of this deep well of suffering in material life?”

The gopīs statement, “May Your lotus feet arise in the minds (manasy udiyāt) of us who are so attached to family life” reveals their hidden anger. The following verses illustrate that pure devotees are never motivated by a desire for material elevation or spiritual liberation. Even if Kṛṣṇa offers such benedictions, they often refuse to accept them.

na pārameṣṭhyaṁ na mahendra-dhiṣṇyaṁ,

na sārvabhaumaṁ na rasādhipatyam

na yoga-siddhīr apunar-bhavaṁ vā,

mayy arpitātmecchati mad vinānyat

“One who has fixed his consciousness on Me desires neither the position or abode of Lord Brahmā or Lord Indra, nor an empire on the earth, nor sovereignty in the lower planetary systems, nor the eightfold perfection of yoga, nor liberation from birth and death. Such a person desires Me alone.” (SB 11.14.14)

na kiñcit sādhavo dhīrā bhaktā hy ekāntino mama

vāñchanty api mayā dattaṁ kaivalyam apunar-bhavam

“Because My devotees possess saintly behavior and deep intelligence, they completely dedicate themselves to Me and do not desire anything besides Me. Indeed, even if I offer them liberation from birth and death, they do not accept it.” (SB 11.20.34)

svargāpavarga-narakeṣv, api tulyārtha-darsinaḥ

“My pure devotees regard heaven and hell as one and the same.” (SB 6.17.28) Kṛṣṇa’s devotees never accept liberation, which is the result of jñāna, even if it is offered by the Supreme Lord Himself. How then could the gopīs, the crest-jewels of all devotees, accept this knowledge? Thus it is appropriate that they express anger in this verse (Text 48) upon hearing the unbearable teachings of spiritual knowledge (adhyātmā-jñāna) from the mouth of their most beloved. It is clear that such interpretations of this verse, which come through oral tradition, are valid for this scripture which is full of double meanings.

The words the gopīs speak in this verse may also be interpreted as follows: “O sun who directly destroys the darkness of ignorance, we are scorched by the heat of this philosophical knowledge. We are cakora birds who live only on the moonlight radiating from the moon of Your beautiful face. Therefore come back to Vṛndāvana and bring us to life with Your pastimes such as rāsa-līlā.

“The masters of yoga meditate upon Your lotus feet within their hearts, but we hold them above our hearts, upon our breasts. Only by holding them are we able to maintain our lives and not otherwise. Those with deep intelligence (agādha-bodhaiḥ:gambhīra-buddhibhiḥ) meditate on Your feet, but we have shallow intelligence. Therefore, as soon as we start meditating on Your lotus feet we drown in the ocean of swooning, so what is the question of meditating? Furthermore, meditation upon them is the means of upliftment from the well of material existence. But such meditation cannot uplift us who have fallen into an ocean of separation from You. Certainly we gopīs have not fallen in the well of material life, having renounced the happiness of husband, home and children from an early age.”

If Kṛṣṇa says, “Come to Dvārakā and I will enjoy with you there,” the gopīs reply, “Śrī Vṛndāvana is our home, and we are too attached to it to take up residence anywhere else. It is there alone that You attract us by wearing peacock feathers in Your turban and playing enchanting music on Your flute. We can be saved only by seeing You in Vraja, and not by any other kind of meditation or theoretical knowledge of the self (ātmā-jñāna)”

Thus ends the commentary on the Eighty-second Chapter of the Tenth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas.

Chapter Eighty-three

|| 10.83.1 ||

śrī-śuka uvāca

tathānugṛhya bhagavān gopīnāṁ sa gurur gatiḥ

yudhiṣṭhiram athāpṛcchat sarvāṁś ca suhṛdo ’vyayam

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