Seeing that they were about to leave, the renowned Vasudeva approached the sages. After bowing down to them and touching their feet, he spoke to them with carefully chosen words.

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COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “Now Our birth has become successful (janma-bhṛtaḥ), for We are seeing the masters of yoga, which is rare even for the demigods, what to speak of humans.”

|| 10.84.10 ||

kiṁ svalpa-tapasāṁ nṝṇām arcāyāṁ deva-cakṣuṣām

darśana-sparśana-praśna-prahva-pādārcanādikam

TRANSLATION

How is it that people who are not very austere and who recognize God only in His Deity form in the temple can now see you, touch you, inquire from you, bow down to you, worship your feet and serve you in other ways?

COMMENTARY

Verse eight mentioned Kṛṣṇa as the protector of religion (dharma-gup-tanuḥ). Beginning with verse nine, Kṛṣṇa’s words illustrate His upholding of dharma by praising the sages as if He were an ordinary human being.

Kṛṣṇa said, “For men of little intelligence who see God only in the Deity form, and not in you saintly persons, it is your mercy alone that they get the opportunity to see you.”

|| 10.84.11 ||

na hy am-mayāni tīrthāni na devā mṛc-chilā-mayāḥ

te punanty uru-kālena darśanād eva sādhavaḥ

TRANSLATION

Mere bodies of water are not the real sacred places of pilgrimage, nor are mere images of earth and stone the true worshipable deities. These purify one only after a long time, but saintly sages purify one immediately upon being seen.

|| 10.84.12 ||

nāgnir na sūryo na ca candra-tārakā

na bhūr jalaṁ khaṁ śvasano ’tha vāṅ manaḥ

upāsitā bheda-kṛto haranty aghaṁ

vipaścito ghnanti muhūrta-sevayā

TRANSLATION

Neither the demigods controlling fire, the sun, the moon and the stars nor those in charge of earth, water, ether, air, speech and mind actually remove the sins of their worshipers, who continue to see in terms of dualities. But wise sages destroy one’s sins when respectfully served for even a few moments.

COMMENTARY

That speech and the mind are also not fit objects of worship is stated in the Chāndogya Upaniṣad (7.2.13): yo vācaṁ brahmety upāste mano brahmety upāste, “He who worship the voice as Brahman is free to speak as he wishes within the realms reached by speech,” and “He who worships the mind as Brahman is free to act in the realms reached by the mind.”

Kṛṣṇa said, “One who sees difference (bheda-kṛto) between himself and others, who are actually similar, because of urges like hunger, thirst, and the desire for honor cannot destroy his sins (aghaṁ) such as envy, disrespect, and contempt arising from seeing difference by such worship. But he can destroy those sins by serving great devotees.”

|| 10.84.13 ||

yasyātma-buddhiḥ kuṇape tri-dhātuke sva-dhīḥ kalatrādiṣu bhauma ijya-dhīḥ

yat-tīrtha-buddhiḥ salile na karhicij janeṣv abhijñeṣu sa eva go-kharaḥ

TRANSLATION

One who identifies his self as the inert body composed of mucus, bile and air, who assumes his wife and family are permanently his own, who thinks an earthen image or the land of his birth is worshipable, or who sees a place of pilgrimage as merely the water there, but who never identifies himself with, feels kinship with, worships or even visits those who are wise in spiritual truth—such a person is no better than a cow or an ass.

COMMENTARY

This verse states that one who avoids saintly persons and instead identifies his self with other objects is very foolish.

Kṛṣṇa said, “He who thinks that the corpselike body (kuṇape), composed of mucus, bile and air (tridhātuke) is the object of love (ātmā), who thinks that his wife and children are his own (sva-dhīḥ), or that images made of earth (bhauma) are worthy of worship (ijya dhīḥ), and who sees a holy place (tīrtha buddhiḥ) as merely the water there, but never associates with self-realized (abhijñeṣu) men is equal to a cow or an ass (go-kharaḥ).”

Cows and asses are classed as one object because of their similarity. Or go-kharaḥ can mean the asses that carry grass and other items for the service of cows. In the Bṛhaspati-saṁhitā, it is said:

ajñāta-bhagavad-dharmā mantra-vijñāna-saṁvidaḥ

narās te go-khara jñeyā api bhū-pāla-vanditāḥ

“Men who are expert in Vedic mantras but do not know about bhāgavata-dharma are known as cows and asses even if they are worshiped by kings.”

From the statement “those who identify with the body (yasyātma-buddhiḥ) and not with wise men” (janeṣv abhijñeṣu), one can conclude that those who identify with both the body and with wise men are not cows and asses. However, those who identify themselves only with wise men and consider them sacred and worthy of worship are the most excellent of all. The phrase bhauma ijya-dhīḥ, “who thinks an image made of earth is worshipable,” refers not to the Deity form of Kṛṣṇa but to deities of demigods. In this regard, the Eleventh Canto states:

arcāyām eva haraye pūjāṁ yaḥ śraddhayehate

na tad-bhakteṣu cānyeṣu sa bhaktaḥ prākṛtaḥ smṛtaḥ

“A devotee who faithfully engages in Deity worship but does not behave properly toward other devotees or people in general is called a prākṛta-bhakta, or kaniṣṭha-adhikāri, a materialistic devotee, and is considered to be in the lowest position.” (SB 11.2.47)

Such persons who worship Kṛṣṇa but not His devotees are said to be kaniṣṭha-bhaktas and not cows or asses (go-kharaḥ). Similarly, the phrase yat-tīrtha-buddhiḥ salile, “who sees a place of pilgrimage as merely the water there,” refers not to sacred rivers like the Ganges or Yamunā but to lesser rivers. There are thousands of authoritative statements in the scriptures to prove this.

|| 10.84.14 ||

śrī-śuka uvāca

niśamyetthaṁ bhagavataḥ kṛṣṇasyākuṇtha-medhasaḥ

vaco duranvayaṁ viprās tūṣṇīm āsan bhramad-dhiyaḥ

TRANSLATION

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Hearing such unfathomable words from the unlimitedly wise Lord Kṛṣṇa, the learned brāhmaṇas remained silent, their minds bewildered.

COMMENTARY

Hearing those inscrutable (duranvayam) words of Kṛṣṇa (starting with verse nine), which were so uncharacteristic of the Lord, the sages remained silent.

|| 10.84.15 ||

ciraṁ vimṛśya munaya īśvarasyeśitavyatām

jana-saṅgraha ity ūcuḥ smayantas taṁ jagad-gurum

TRANSLATION

For some time the sages pondered the Supreme Lord’s behavior, which resembled that of a subordinate living being. They concluded that He was acting this way to instruct the people in general. Thus they smiled and spoke to Him, the spiritual master of the universe.

COMMENTARY

After considering Kṛṣṇa’s statement that He was subservient (īsvarasyeśitavyatām) to them, the sages could not see any logic in His words. Therefore they explained that Kṛṣṇa’s words and actions were for enlightening the common man (jana saṅgraha) since He is the supreme teacher (jagad-gurum) of spiritual surrender.

|| 10.84.16 ||

śrī-munaya ūcuḥ

yan-māyayā tattva-vid-uttamā vayaṁ vimohitā viśva-sṛjām adhīśvarāḥ

yad īśitavyāyati gūḍha īhayā aho vicitram bhagavad-viceṣṭitam

TRANSLATION

The great sages said: Your power of illusion has totally bewildered us, the most exalted knowers of the truth and leaders among the universal creators. Ah, how amazing is the behavior of the Supreme Lord! He covers Himself with His humanlike activities and pretends to be subject to superior control.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “Although You are none other than the Supreme Lord, You act as if You were a controlled living entity, hidden by Your human-like behavior. Such pastimes result in Your being supremely glorified (bhaga-vat:parama-yaṣas-karam).” The Amara-kośa dictionary says: bhagam śri-kāma-māhātmya-vīrya-yatnārka-kīrtiṣu, “Bhaga means wealth, desire, glory, courage, endeavor, fame and the sun.”

|| 10.84.17 ||

anīha etad bahudhaika ātmanā sṛjaty avaty atti na badhyate yathā

bhaumair hi bhūmir bahu-nāma-rūpiṇī aho vibhūmnaś caritaṁ viḍambanam

TRANSLATION

Indeed, the humanlike pastimes of the Almighty are simply a pretense! Effortlessly, He alone sends forth from His Self this variegated creation, maintains it and then swallows it up again, all without becoming entangled, just as the element earth takes on many names and forms in its various transformations.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “Your displaying and hiding Your powers are beyond comprehension. By Yourself (ātmanā:svenaiva) You create this variegated universe, yet You are not bound. Although one, You become the universe, appearing with many names and forms, as the element earth, although one becomes many by its various transformations of pots and cloths. Ah, how amazing it is that You, the perfectly complete Personality of Godhead, engage in the pastime of worshiping the brāhmaṇas, imitating ordinary persons’ activities in the material world. Thus You simply pretend to be under higher control.”

|| 10.84.18 ||

athāpi kāle sva-janābhiguptaye bibharṣi sattvaṁ khala-nigrahāya ca

sva-līlayā veda-pathaṁ sanātanaṁ varṇāśramātmā puruṣaḥ paro bhavān

TRANSLATION

Nonetheless, at suitable times You assume the pure mode of goodness to protect Your devotees and punish the wicked. Thus You, the Soul of the varṇāśrama social order, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, maintain the eternal path of the Vedas by enjoying Your pleasure pastimes.

COMMENTARY

In three verses the sages explain how Kṛṣṇa puts on the pretense of imitating ordinary behavior in order to protect the devotees, destroy the demons and establish dharma.

The sages said, “Nonetheless, even though You are the perfectly complete Personality of Godhead, You manifest a form of pure goodness (bibharṣi sattvaṁ:viśuddha-sattva), and uphold the eternal path of the Vedas by Your own behavior (sva-līlayā). You do this by instituting the divine system of occupational and spiritual divisions of society (varṇāśrama). But still You remain the Supreme Personality of Godhead, which is the topmost (puruṣaḥ paro) among all the different forms that You manifest.”

|| 10.84.19 ||

brahma te hṛdayaṁ śuklaṁ tapaḥ-svādhyāya-saṁyamaiḥ

yatropalabdhaṁ sad vyaktam avyaktaṁ ca tataḥ param

TRANSLATION

The Vedas are Your spotless heart, and through them one can per-ceive—by means of austerity, study and self-control—the manifest, the unmanifest and the pure existence transcendental to both.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “You follow the path of the Vedas because the Vedas are very dear to You. The pure (suklaṁ) Vedas (brahma) are Your heart in which the unmanifest, subtle causes of creation (avyaktaṁ), the manifest products of material creation (vyaktam) and existence itself, Brahman (param), are realized through austerity, study and sense control.”

|| 10.84.20 ||

tasmād brahmā-kulaṁ brahman śāstra-yones tvam ātmanaḥ

sabhājayasi sad dhāma tad brahmaṇyāgraṇīr bhavān

TRANSLATION

Therefore, O Supreme Brahman, You honor the members of the brahminical community, for they are the perfect agents by which one can realize You through the evidence of the Vedas. For that very reason You are the foremost worshiper of the brāhmaṇas.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “Therefore, because the Vedas are Your heart.       You fully worship (sabhājayasi:sampūjayasi) the community of brāhmaṇas who distribute the Vedas, and who are the best source of realization (sad dhāma:śresṭha-uplabdhi-sthānam) of Yourself (ātmanaḥ) who are known by the Vedas (sāstra-yones:veda-pramāṇakasya). For that very reason (tad:tasmād eva kāraṇāt), You are the foremost (āgraṇīr:mukhyaḥ) worshipper of the brāhmaṇas and always engage Yourself in pure activities.”

|| 10.84.21 ||

adya no janma-sāphalyaṁ vidyāyās tapaso dṛśaḥ

tvayā saṅgamya sad-gatyā yad antaḥ śreyasāṁ paraḥ

TRANSLATION

Today our birth, education, austerity and vision have all become perfect because we have been able to associate with You, the goal of all saintly persons. Indeed, You Yourself are the ultimate, supreme blessing.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “Our vision, knowledge and austerity have become successful today by attaining association with You, the very form of the ultimate goal (sad-gatyā:sad-gati-svarūpena), because You are the ultimate limit (antaḥ:sīmā) of auspiciousness (śreyasāṁ paraḥ).”

|| 10.84.22 ||

namas tasmai bhagavate kṛṣṇāyākuṇṭha-medhase

sva-yogamāyayācchanna-mahimne paramātmane

TRANSLATION

Let us offer obeisances unto that Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Kṛṣṇa, the infinitely intelligent Supersoul, who has disguised His greatness through His mystic Yogamāyā.

COMMENTARY

“Therefore You may praise or offer respects to us to teach the common man, but we must bow down to You, our worshipable Lord.” Thus the sages offer their obeisances in this verse.

|| 10.84.23 ||

na yaṁ vidanty amī bhū-pā ekārāmāś ca vṛṣṇayaḥ

māyā-javanikācchannam ātmānaṁ kālam īśvaram

TRANSLATION

Neither these kings nor even the Vṛṣṇis, who enjoy Your intimate association, know You as the Soul of all existence, the force of time and the supreme controller. For them You are covered by the curtain of Māyā.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “The Vṛṣṇis, whom You enjoyed intimately with in sitting and resting, did not realize that You are the Supersoul residing in the heart of every created being. And the kings at Kurukṣetra who were not Your devotees could not recognize You as time, the annihilator of everything. Why is this? The curtain of māyā covered their knowledge.”

It should be concluded however that it was material ignorance (mahāmāyā) which covered the kings. But for the Vṛṣṇis it was the internal spiritual potency, yogamāyā, which covered their awareness of Kṛṣṇa’s majesty and engaged them in His eternal pleasure pastimes.

|| 10.84.24-25 ||

yathā śayānaḥ puruṣa ātmānaṁ guṇa-tattva-dṛk

nāma-mātrendriyābhātaṁ na veda rahitaṁ param

evaṁ tvā nāma-mātreṣu viṣayeṣv indriyehayā

māyayā vibhramac-citto na veda smṛty-upaplavāt

TRANSLATION

A sleeping person imagines an alternative reality for himself and, seeing himself as having various names and forms, forgets his waking identity, which is distinct from the dream. Similarly, the senses of one whose consciousness is bewildered by illusion perceive only the names and forms of material objects. Thus such a person loses his memory and cannot know You.

COMMENTARY

“Furthermore, this universe, comprised of many names and forms, is actually You alone, though You are transcendental to it. But the common people do not know this.” In two verses the sages explain this with an analogy.

A sleeping person sees the objects in a dream as reality and is aware of the names and forms (mātra:rūpādi) of a tiger, snake and a king which are manifest by the sense of hearing. But he does not know himself who has become those forms; rather he identifies himself as something other than his real form. Similarly, the ignorant man, bewildered by māyā through the action of his senses like the ear, knows You by the names of deva or man having a material form and qualities. This is explained using an example in two verses.

Similarly, a person sees the designations and forms of demigods and humans as real because his consciousness, from which originate the activities of his senses of hearing and perception, is bewildered by māyā. Because His intelligence is covered (smṛty-upaplavāt:viveka-dhvaṁsāt) he does not know Your true form, which is separate and distinct (rahitaṁ:bhinnam) from the many names and forms that You assume as the embodiment of the universe.

|| 10.84.26 ||

tasyādya te dadṛśimāṅghrim aghaugha-marṣa-

tīrthāspadaṁ hṛdi kṛtaṁ su-vipakva-yogaiḥ

utsikta-bhakty-upahatāśaya jīva-kośā

āpur bhavad-gatim athānugṛhāna bhaktān

TRANSLATION

Today we have directly seen Your feet, the source of the holy Ganges, which washes away volumes of sins. Perfected yogīs can at best meditate upon Your feet within their hearts. But only those who render You wholehearted devotional service and in this way vanquish the soul’s covering—the material mind—attain You as their final destination. Therefore kindly show mercy to us, Your devotees.

COMMENTARY

The sages said, “Though explaining this knowledge, we are Your devotees, since without devotion it would have been impossible to see You in this way. We see Your lotus feet, which are the shelter of holy places like the Gaṅgā which destroy (marṣa) all sins (agha). Even great yogis advanced in meditation can only see Your lotus feet in their hearts. They cannot see You directly.”

Kṛṣṇa may object, “That may be, but one must resort to jñāna in order to destroy the subtle body.”

The sages reply, “Only those yogīs who have destroyed their material mind and ego (jīva-kośā) by intense devotion to You can attain perfection in Kṛṣṇa consciousness. Therefore please be merciful to us and accept us as Your devotees.”

|| 10.84.27 ||

śrī-śuka uvāca

ity anujñāpya dāśārhaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ yudhiṣṭhiram

rājarṣe svāśramān gantuṁ munayo dadhire manaḥ

TRANSLATION

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Having thus spoken, O wise king, the sages then took leave of Lord Dāśārha, Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Yudhiṣṭhira and prepared to depart for their āśramas.

|| 10.84.28 ||

tad vīkṣya tān upavrajya vasudevo mahā-yaśāḥ

praṇamya copasaṅgṛhya babhāṣedaṁ su-yantritaḥ

TRANSLATION

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