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Having decided in this way the wise king, entrusting the country to his son, sat down facing north on kuśa grass with tips facing east, on the right bank of the river.
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- atha saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
- Situated in his chariot, with his bow poised, in a voice deep as thunder, he questioned the śūdra dressed in gold.
- Except for your tears, the tears of living beings have never fallen on the earth which was ruled by the Kuru kings and well protected by arms of punishment.
- Son of Surabhī! You have four legs. Who has cut off three of your legs? There should never be such a condition in the state ruled by kings following Kṛṣṇa.
- O best of men! I do not know the person who is the cause of my suffering, since I am bewildered by different statements of scripture.
- Some say the self is the cause of suffering. Others say planets are the cause of suffering. Others say karma is the cause. Others say the inherent property of matter is the cause.
- It is certain that the course of the Lord’s māyā is beyond the thought and words of the living entities.
- Pacifying dharma and earth in this way, Parīkṣit took his sharp sword for killing Kali, the cause of adharma.
- Seeing the king intending to kill him he gave up the markings of a king in great fear and bowed his head to Parīkṣit’s feet.
- When you become situated in devatās and men, all sorts of irreligion follow: greed, untruth, theft, vulgarity, giving up dharma, poverty, deceit, quarrel and pride.
- Directed in this way by Parīkṣit, trembling Kali spoke to Parīkṣit who had his sword raised, appearing like Yama ready to kill him.
- When implored again, the king gave the place where there was gold. In that place there will be untruthfulness, intoxication, illicit sex, pride, and enmity.
- This king, the son of Abhimanyu, who, by protecting the earth, has allowed you to be consecrated for performing sacrifice, had such authority.
- vipra-śāpopalambhanaṁ nāma
- On the day that the Lord left the earth, at that very instant, Kali, the source of irreligion, entered the world.
- Kali was an attentive tiger among inattentive men. But what could powerful Kali do to the innocent people since he was afraid of the devotees?
- One day while taking his bow and hunting in the forest, after pursuing animals he became tired, hungry and very thirsty.
- Not seeing water anywhere, he entered the hermitage of a sage, and saw the peaceful sage sitting with closed eyes.
- In anger he placed a dead snake on the shoulder of the sage using the tip of his bow, left the hermitage and returned to his city.
- This is the sin of kings who are like fat crows! It is a sin committed by servants or door-keepers, who are like dogs, acting against their masters.
- By my order Takṣaka will bite this black sheep of his family, offender of my father, trespasser of boundaries.
- O child! When this king, representative of Viṣṇu, disappears, the people, suffering from thieves, like unprotected sheep, will be destroyed in an instant.
- The Lord, the soul of all beings, should forgive the sin committed to your innocent devotee by this boy of immature intelligence.
- The great sage was sorry for the sin committed by his son, but did not think at all that the king had committed an offense when he (the sage) was treated badly.
- Other exalted sages among the devatās, sages of great penance, sages among kings and Aruṇas also came. Welcoming the best of sages, the king bowed his head.
- Having decided in this way the wise king, entrusting the country to his son, sat down facing north on kuśa grass with tips facing east, on the right bank of the river.
- When the best of the kings sat fasting, the devatās in the sky showered the earth with flowers in praise and continually drums sounded in joy.
- We will all remain here until the king, the best of the devotees, gives up his body and attains the supreme planet which is without grief and passion.
- When his guest arrived, Parīkṣit worshipped him with bowed head. The ignorant women and children disappeared. In the worship, Śukadeva sat on a huge seat.
- Otherwise how is it possible that explicitly dying men like us can see a perfected being like you, whose movements are unknown, and is most munificent?
- I ask the supreme guru of the yogīs what is complete perfection and what is to be done at all times for attaining that perfection for a man about to die.
- Being addressed and questioned by the king with sweet words, the great son of Vyāsa, knower of dharma, began to answer.
- O King! There are thousands of topics that can be heard by those who do not inquire about the goal of life, those who are attached to the house and commit five types of violence.
- Deeply attached to his body, children and wife, who are like an army giving protection, though they are false, he sees their destruction but does not see it.
- For persons fixed in jñāna, yoga and karma, gaining such a birth, with remembrance of Nārāyaṇa while rejecting the other processes, is the best.
- O descendent of the Kurus! But you have seven days remaining in your life. Make all necessary arrangements in this time for your destination after death.
- The body of the universal form is more solid than the solid. Within that form, the past, present and future of the universe, the products of the Lord, are seen.
- Pātala are his soles, Rasātala is his heels, Mahātala is his ankles and Talātala is his calves.
- O best of the Kurus! The clouds are his hair. Twilight is his clothing. Avaykta-prakṛti is his intelligence. The moon is his mind, the shelter of all change.
- They say that mahat-tattva is his citta. Rudra is his false ego. Horses, mules, camels and elephants are his nails. All animals are his hips.
- Meditating on the Puruṣa in the Heart
- He is decorated with valuable belt, rings, anklets, and bracelets. His attractive, smiling face is surrounded by spotless, glossy, curly black locks of hair.
- The unchanging Lord reviewed three times the Vedas completely with his intelligence, and determined that process which produces prema in the self.
- Auspiciousness arises for the worshippers of devatās if firm devotion for the Lord arises from association with devotees.
- aunaka said: Hearing the explanations, what else did the King, best of the Bharata lineage, ask the wise sage Śukadeva?
- O learned Sūta! You should tell that to us, who desire to hear. Topics which conclude in discussion of the Lord will certainly appear in the assembly of great devotees.
- Both by rising and by setting, the sun decreases the duration of life of everyone, except one who utilizes the time by discussing topics of the Supreme Lord.
- Do not the trees live long life? Do not the bellows breathe? Do not the village animals and animal-like men eat and mate?
- He completely gave up attachment to body, wife, sons, house, animals, wealth, friends, kingdom, which is constant and strong in others.
- O great devotees! The intelligent Parīkṣit, full of faith in hearing Kṛṣṇa’s activities, asked this question to Śukadeva which you have asked me.
COMMENTARY
Aruṇas are certain sages who are expert in certain parts of the Vedas.
|| 1.19.12 ||
sukhopaviṣṭeṣv atha teṣu bhūyaḥ
kṛta-praṇāmaḥ sva-cikīrṣitaṁ yat |
vijñāpayām āsa vivikta-cetā
upasthito ’gre ’bhigṛhīta-pāṇiḥ ||
TRANSLATION
When they were all comfortably seated, standing in front of them, with pure heart and folded hands, he again offered respects and inquired from them concerning what he wanted to do.
COMMENTARY
Abhigṛhīta-pāṇiḥ means “with folded hands.”
|| 1.19.13 ||
rājovāca—
aho vayaṁ dhanyatamā nṛpāṇāṁ
mahattamānugrahaṇīya-śīlāḥ |
rājñāṁ kulaṁ brāhmaṇa-pāda-śaucād
dūrād visṛṣṭaṁ bata garhya-karma ||
TRANSLATION
The king said:
Oh! We are most fortunate among kings since we have been qualified for mercy of the great sages. The family of kings is generally cast off at a great distance from the foot washing place of the brāhmaṇas, since they are involved in impure activities.
COMMENTARY
The king expresses appreciation for the natural compassion towards him that he sees in the sages. We, among kings, are worthy of being blessed by the great souls. This is rare for kings. Smṛti says dūrād ucchiṣṭa-viṇ-mūtra-pādāmbhāṁsi samutsṛjet: one should keep at a distance leftover food, excrement, urine and foot water. (Yājñavalkya-smṛti 1.154) The family of kings is kept at a great distance even from the foot washing place in the hermitage and are not given even permission to remain there. This is because their actions are completely impure.
|| 1.19.14 ||
tasyaiva me ’ghasya parāvareśo
vyāsakta-cittasya gṛheṣv abhīkṣṇam |
nirveda-mūlo dvija-śāpa-rūpo
yatra prasakto ’bhayam āśu dhatte ||
TRANSLATION
For me, whose impure action was the sin of disrespecting an innocent brāhmaṇa, and whose heart was very attached to family life, the Lord has come in the form of the brāhmaṇa’s curse, which has become the cause of detachment from material life, in whose presence (the Lord’s) the attached person quickly becomes fearless.
COMMENTARY
Impure action (tasya eva) was in my case a great sin (aghasya), since I disrespected the brāhmaṇa by putting a snake around his neck. The Lord (parāvareśaḥ—the Lord who is distant and near) in order to show how he delivers the most fallen, has come in the form of the curse of the brāhmaṇa to my side. He is the cause of detachment from the world (nirveda-mūlaḥ). Masculine form of mūlam instead of neuter form is poetic license. He infers that the cause of detachment is the coming of the great sages, for where the Lord comes, there his devotees naturally come. Where the Lord resides, materially attached people quickly become fearless.
|| 1.19.15 ||
taṁ mopayātaṁ pratiyantu viprā
gaṅgā ca devī dhṛta-cittam īśe |
dvijopasṛṣṭaḥ kuhakas takṣako vā
daśatv alaṁ gāyata viṣṇu-gāthāḥ ||
TRANSLATION
The brāhmaṇas and Gaṅgā-devī should know that I am surrendered, and have dedicated my heart to the Lord. Let the snake released by the brāhmaṇa, even if it is an imposter, bite me. Please sing topics concerning the Lord.
COMMENTARY
He prays to the sages in two verses. Mā means “me.” The sages should know that I am surrendered. Gaṅgā as a devatā (devī) should also know this. Vā indicates his disregard for countermeasures. Gāthāḥ means stories.
|| 1.19.16 ||
punaś ca bhūyād bhagavaty anante
ratiḥ prasaṅgaś ca tad-āśrayeṣu |
mahatsu yāṁ yām upayāmi sṛṣṭiṁ
maitry astu sarvatra namo dvijebhyaḥ ||
TRANSLATION
On the other hand, in whatever birth I receive, may I have rati for the unlimited Lord, excellent association with his devotees who take shelter of him and friendship with all living beings! I offer respects to the brāhmaṇas.
COMMENTARY
Punar ca means “on the other hand.” In whatever birth I take, may I have rati for the Lord and excellent association (prasaṅgaḥ) with his devotees, and friendship with all living entities! May these three desires be fulfilled! After praying for these, he then offers his respects. Or offering respects can be considered a fourth wish, out of repentance for disrespecting a brāhmaṇa. May I have respect for the brāhmaṇas! (dvijebhyaḥ namo bhūyāt).
|| 1.19.17 ||
iti sma rājādhyavasāya-yuktaḥ
prācīna-mūleṣu kuśeṣu dhīraḥ |
udaṅ-mukho dakṣiṇa-kūla āste
samudra-patnyāḥ sva-suta-nyasta-bhāraḥ ||
TRANSLATION
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