You are indeed the best of Our friends, so please go to Hastināpura and, as the well-wisher of the Pāṇḍavas, find out how they are doing.

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▷ Содержание

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TRANSLATION

O Supreme Absolute Truth, with Your personal energies You create this universe and then enter into it. Thus one can perceive You in many different forms by hearing from authorities and by direct experience.

COMMENTARY

Akrūra said, “The one Supreme Lord, through the form of the universe, becomes many.” That is expressed in this verse. “Having produced (ātma-sṛṣṭam:sva-kāryam) this universe, You enter it and reside there (anvāviśya:praviśya sthitaḥ). You are perceived through various forms such as the demigods, Gandharvas, humans and cows by direct perception and by hearing from scripture.

|| 10.48.20 ||

yathā hi bhūteṣu carācareṣu mahy-ādayo yoniṣu bhānti nānā

evaṁ bhavān kevala ātma-yoniṣv ātmātma-tantro bahudhā vibhāti

TRANSLATION

Just as the primary elements—earth and so on—manifest themselves in abundant variety among all the species of mobile and immobile life, so You, the one independent Supreme Soul, appear to be manifold among the variegated objects of Your creation.

COMMENTARY

This verse uses an analogy to explain how manifold varieties expand from one Lord. Akrūra said, “Just as material bodies are manifest with various forms from the causal material elements like earth and water, so You, the one independent (ātma-tantraḥ) Lord, become many as the multitude of visible objects in this universe.”

|| 10.48.21 ||

sṛjasy atho lumpasi pāsi viśvaṁ rajas-tamaḥ-sattva-guṇaiḥ sva-śaktibhiḥ

na badhyase tad-guṇa-karmabhir vā jñānātmanas te kva ca bandha-hetuḥ

TRANSLATION

You create, destroy and also maintain this universe with Your personal energies—the modes of passion, ignorance and goodness—yet You are never entangled by these modes or the activities they generate. Since You are the original source of all knowledge, what could ever cause You to be bound by illusion?

COMMENTARY

Akrūra said, “Therefore You are the one Supreme Lord of the universe. You are not bound up like the living entities by karma and the three modes of nature.”

Kṛṣṇa replies, “How is that I am not bound up?”

Akrūra answered, “As You are the embodiment of knowledge (jñāna-ātmanaḥ), what is the question of being bound up by ignorance (te kva ca bandha-hetuḥ)? Ignorance exists for the living entities but not for You.”

|| 10.48.22 ||

dehādy-upādher anirūpitatvād bhavo na sākṣān na bhidātmanaḥ syāt

ato na bandhas tava naiva mokṣaḥ syātām nikāmas tvayi no ’vivekaḥ

TRANSLATION

Since it has never been demonstrated that You are covered by material, bodily designations, it must be concluded that for You there is neither birth in a literal sense nor any duality. Therefore You never undergo bondage or liberation, and if You appear to, it is only because of Your desire that we see You in that way, or simply because of our lack of discrimination.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “If there is no ignorance in Me, then where does this body of Mine, a product of ignorance, come from?”

Akrūra said, “Your body is not designated as coming from ignorance by those who know the scriptures. Therefore You have no birth (bhavo na) or material existence like the living entities. If Your body appears to be material, it is only an appearance of birth like the living entities, since You are actually independent. As You do not have a material body born of ignorance, You do not take birth from a father’s semen like an ordinary living entity. Rather, Your birth is just Your divine appearance (āvirbhāva). For You there is no difference between body and soul.”

“Your body is You, as is proved by the statement: deha-dehi-vibhāgo ’yaṁ neśvare vidyate kvacit, “There is no distinction between the body and the soul of the Supreme Personality of Godhead at any time.” (Laghu-bhāgavatāmṛta 1.5.342 from Kūrma Purāṇa) Since You are Brahman, transcendental to knowledge and ignorance, there is no bondage or liberation for You.”

Kṛṣṇa: “But My bondage and liberation do occur, as when I am bound to a mortar by My mother or I am delivered from Kāliya’s lake,”

Akrūra: “These do indeed occur (syātām), but only because You do not prohibit them from occurring. Why do You accept bondage and liberation? You do so out of Your free will (nikāmaḥ) because of their appropriateness for meditation by us, Your devotees. Since You enact this bondage and liberation in full knowledge (vivekaḥ), they are not at all caused by illusion. For Him who is knowledge itself, there is no bondage to or liberation from this world, which is produced by ignorance.”

|| 10.48.23 ||

tvayodito ’yaṁ jagato hitāya yadā yadā veda-pathaḥ purāṇaḥ

bādhyeta pāṣaṇḍa-pathair asadbhis tadā bhavān sattva-guṇaṁ bibharti

TRANSLATION

You originally enunciated the ancient religious path of the Vedas for the benefit of the whole universe. Whenever that path becomes obstructed by wicked persons following the path of atheism, You assume one of Your incarnations, which are all in the transcendental mode of goodness.

COMMENTARY

Akrūra said, “Though Your personality and pastimes transcend the material modes, whenever the ancient (purāṇaḥ) path of dharma (veda-pataḥ) enunciated by You (tvaya-udita) is disturbed by the demons, You appear in the universe to increase sattva-guṇa in order to maintain the righteous by protecting the path of religion.”

|| 10.48.24 ||

sa tvam prabho ’dya Vasudeva-gṛhe ’vatīrṇaḥ
svāṁśena bhāram apanetum ihāsi bhūmeḥ

akṣauhiṇī-śata-vadhena suretarāṁśa-

rājñām amuṣya ca kulasya yaśo vitanvan

TRANSLATION

You are that very same Supreme Person, my Lord, and You have now appeared in the home of Vasudeva with Your plenary portion. You have done this to relieve the earth’s burden by killing hundreds of armies led by kings who are expansions of the demigods’ enemies, and also to spread the fame of our dynasty.

COMMENTARY

“You have appeared along with Your expansion Balarāma (svāṁśena) in the house of Vasudeva to relieve the burden of the earth by killing the hundreds of demoniac kings, who are expansions of the enemies of the demigods (suretarāṁsa-rājñām).”

|| 10.48.25 ||

adyeśa no vasatayaḥ khalu bhūri-bhāgā
yaḥ sarva-deva-pitṛ-bhūta-nṛ-deva-mūrtiḥ

yat-pāda-śauca-salilaṁ tri-jagat punāti

sa tvaṁ jagad-gurur adhokṣaja yāḥ praviṣṭaḥ

TRANSLATION

Today, O Lord, my home has become most fortunate because You have entered it. As the Supreme Truth, You embody the forefathers, ordinary creatures, human beings and demigods, and the water that has washed Your feet purifies the three worlds. Indeed, O transcendent one, You are the spiritual master of the universe.

COMMENTARY

Akrūra said, “Now that You, the Supreme Lord and embodiment of all the demigods, have entered our home it has become blessed.”

|| 10.48.26 ||

kaḥ paṇḍitas tvad aparaṁ śaraṇaṁ samīyād
bhakta-priyād ṛta-giraḥ suhṛdaḥ kṛta-jñāt

sarvān dadāti suhṛdo bhajato ’bhikāmān

ātmānam apy upacayāpacayau na yasya

TRANSLATION

What learned person would approach anyone but You for shelter, when You are the affectionate, grateful and truthful well-wisher of Your devotees? To those who worship You in sincere friendship You reward everything they desire, even Your own self, yet You never increase or diminish.

COMMENTARY

Akrūra said, “What learned person would surrender to anyone other than You, who are true to Your word (ṛta giraḥ), having kept Your promise to come to my house after killing Kaṁsa. You are the well-wisher (suhṛdaḥ) of Your devotees and act accordingly. You are kṛta-jña, very grateful for whatever little worship a devotee offers, and even if the devotee forgets, You do not. As the friend of he whose mind is spotless and free from material desires, and he who worships You in friendship, You give whatever he desires. Even if they do not desire something, You also give that. Though You give so much, You are not finished. For You give even Yourself.”

Kṛṣṇa may object, “But if I give even Myself, will I not be left with nothing?”

Akrūra answers, “No, for You there is never increase or decrease (upacayāpacayau na). Even though all the objects in millions of universes are brought to You as offerings by millions of Brahmās and other demigods, still You do not increase. And though You give everything to Your devotees, including even Yourself, You do not decrease. This is because You possess inconceivable, unlimited energy.”

|| 10.48.27 ||

diṣṭyā janārdana bhavān iha naḥ pratīto

yogeśvarair api durāpa-gatiḥ sureśaiḥ

chindhy āśu naḥ suta-kalatra-dhanāpta-geha-

dehādi-moha-raśanāṁ bhavadīya-māyām

TRANSLATION

It is by our great fortune, Janārdana, that You are now visible to us, for even the masters of yoga and the foremost demigods can achieve this goal only with great difficulty. Please quickly cut the ropes of our illusory attachment for children, wife, wealth, influential friends, home and body. All such attachment is simply the effect of Your illusory material energy.

COMMENTARY

Akrūra said. “By our good fortune we can directly perceive (pratīto: pratyakśī) You.”

|| 10.48.28 ||

ity arcitaḥ saṁstutaś ca bhaktena bhagavān hariḥ

akrūraṁ sa-smitaṁ prāha gīrbhiḥ sammohayann iva

TRANSLATION

[Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued:] Thus worshiped and fully glorified by His devotee, the Supreme Lord Hari smilingly addressed Akrūra, completely charming him with His words.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa somewhat (iva) bewildered (sammohayann) Akrūra by increasing his awareness of His opulences.

|| 10.48.29 ||

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

tvaṁ no guruḥ pitṛvyaś ca ślāghyo bandhuś ca nityadā

vayaṁ tu rakṣyāḥ poṣyāś ca anukampyāḥ prajā hi vaḥ

TRANSLATION

The Supreme Lord said: You are Our spiritual master, paternal uncle and praiseworthy friend, and We are like your sons, always dependent on your protection, sustenance and compassion.

COMMENTARY

Kṛṣṇa said, “We are like your sons (prajāḥ)”

|| 10.48.30 ||

bhavad-vidhā mahā-bhāgā niṣevyā arha-sattamāḥ

śreyas-kāmair nṛbhir nityaṁ devāḥ svārthā na sādhavaḥ

TRANSLATION

Exalted souls like you are the true objects of service and the most worshipable authorities for those who desire the highest good in life. Demigods are generally concerned with their own interests, but saintly devotees never are.

COMMENTARY

“Kṛṣṇa said, “O Akrūra, even from the ordinary point of view (v. 29) you deserve Our honor. But from the transcendental perspective You are most worshipable because You are a first-class Vaiṣṇava.” This is stated in this verse.

Kṛṣṇa said, “Among those worthy of worship, you are most worshipable (arha-sattama).”

Akrūra replied, “But isn’t it a well-established fact that men should worship the demigods?”

Kṛṣṇa: “The demigods are basically self-interested (svārthā), but the devotees are not. They are primarily interested in benefiting others.”

|| 10.48.31 ||

na hy am-mayāni tīrthāni na devā mṛc-chilā-mayāḥ

te punanty uru-kālena darśanād eva sādhavaḥ

TRANSLATION

No one can deny that there are holy places with sacred rivers, or that the demigods appear in deity forms made of earth and stone. But these purify the soul only after a long time, whereas saintly persons purify just by being seen.

COMMENTARY

Akrūra asked, “Are not the holy waters worthy of worship?”

Shaking His head Kṛṣṇa said, “No, though certainly the holy waters and the demigods purify, but that is very different from the purification through the devotees. The holy waters give purification by prolonged service, but the devotees give purification just by seeing them.”

|| 10.48.32 ||

sa bhavān suhṛdāṁ vai naḥ śreyān śreyaś-cikīrṣayā

jijñāsārthaṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ gacchasva tvaṁ gajāhvayam

TRANSLATION

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