O King! Brahmā, filled with the Vedas, taught this knowledge, which the Lord had directly spoke to him, to Nārada who asked about it.

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COMMENTARY

All the impurities blocking attainment of the Lord are destroyed by glorifying and remembering the Lord. Yad-īkṣaṇam refers to seeing the deity form of the Lord. He has all auspicious qualities (subhadra-śravase).

|| 2.4.16 ||

vicakṣaṇā yac-caraṇopasādanāt

saṅgaṁ vyudasyobhayato ’ntar-ātmanaḥ |

vindanti hi brahma-gatiṁ gata-klamās

tasmai subhadra-śravase namo namaḥ ||

TRANSLATION

I offer repeated respects to the Lord with all auspicious qualities. By worshipping his feet the jñānīs destroy the attachments of this world and the next which reside in the heart, and attain their spiritual goal of brahman without fatigue.

COMMENTARY

Even the jñānīs, whose impurities are destroyed, worship him. Ubhayataḥ means in this life and the next. Vyudasya means destroying. Antar-ātmaḥ means the antaḥ-karaṇa. Those who do not worship the Lord’s feet become exhausted. It is said:

śreyaḥ-sṛtiṁ bhaktim udasya te vibho

kliśyanti ye kevala-bodha-labdhaye

teṣām asau kleśala eva śiṣyate

nānyad yathā sthūla-tuṣāvaghātinām

My dear Lord, devotional service unto you is the best path for self-realization. If someone gives up that path and engages in the cultivation of speculative knowledge, he will simply undergo a troublesome process and will not achieve his desired result. As a person who beats an empty husk of wheat cannot get grain, one who simply speculates cannot achieve self-realization. His only gain is trouble. SB 10.14.4

|| 2.4.17 ||

tapasvino dāna-parā yaśasvino

manasvino mantra-vidaḥ sumaṅgalāḥ |

kṣemaṁ na vindanti vinā yad-arpaṇaṁ

tasmai subhadra-śravase namo namaḥ ||

TRANSLATION

I offer continual respects to the Lord full of auspicious qualities. Without worshipping him, the jñānīs, karmīs, specialized karmīs, yogīs, scholars of the Vedas and followers of proper conduct cannot attain any benefit.

COMMENTARY

Without bhakti the practices of even great souls, being useless, are condemned. The jñānīs (tapasvinaḥ), the karmīs (dāna-parāḥ), the special karmīs who perform horse sacrifices (yaśasvinaḥ), the yogīs (manasvinaḥ), the studiers of the Vedas (mantra-vidaḥ), the followers of proper conduct (sumaṅgalāḥ) cannot attain benefit without worshipping the Lord. The phrase subhadra-śravase is repeated with each verse to show the predominance of hearing and chanting the glories (śravase) of the Lord.

|| 2.4.18 ||

kirāta[114]-hūṇāndhra-pulinda-pulkaśā

ābhīra-śumbhā yavanāḥ khasādayaḥ[115] |

ye ’nye ca pāpā yad-upāśrayāśrayāḥ

śudhyanti tasmai prabhaviṣṇave namaḥ ||

TRANSLATION

I offer respects to the Lord of inconceivable power. The Kirātas, Hūṇas, Andhras, Pulindas, Pulkaśas, Abhīras, Śumbhas, Yavanas, Khasas and others of low birth, and those sinful by actions, by taking shelter of the devotees who take shelter of the powerful Lord, become purified of their prārabdha-karmas.

COMMENTARY

Even the condemned sinners, by just a trace of bhakti become successful. Those born in the tribes mentioned are considered sinful by birth. Others are sinful by actions. They all become purified. Upāśraya refers to the devotees. Those who surrender to the devotees accepting those devotees as gurus become purified. Just by taking shelter of the proper guru, sinners by birth or action become purified. This indicates that bhakti destroys the prārabdha and aprārabdha karmas. The low birth is the cause of impurity for the persons mentioned. The present experience of low birth is the prārabdha-pāpa or prārabdha-karma. The word śudhyanti means they are purified. If they are purified, their bad birth must be destroyed. If their bad birth has been destroyed their prārabdha-karmas must have been destroyed. When they are called by those names it should be understood to be for practical purposes. It is not their spiritual designation, for it is forbidden to identify devotees by their birth. arcye viṣṇau śilā-dhīr guruṣu nara-matir vaiṣṇave jāti-buddhiḥ: It is an offense to see the deity form as stone, to see the guru as an ordinary man, and to see the Vaiṣṇava according to his birth. (Padma Purāṇa) The rule is that though they have had low birth, they should be taught bhakti. It will be said:

dūre hari-kathāḥ kecid dūre cācyuta-kīrtanāḥ

striyaḥ śūdrādayaś caiva te ’nukampyā bhavādṛśām

Persons devoid of devotee association and who cannot appreciate glorification of the Lord, women and śūdras, deserve your mercy. SB 11.5.4

The word ādyaḥ in the verse indicates those of low birth. In order to remove the objection that the Lord cannot possibility consider all low cases, the word prabhaviṣṇave is used. The Lord has natural ability (prabhutā). It is not subject to logic.

|| 2.4.19 ||

sa eṣa ātmātmavatām adhīśvaras

trayīmayo dharmamayas tapomayaḥ |

gata-vyalīkair aja-śaṅkarādibhir

vitarkya-liṅgo bhagavān prasīdatām ||

TRANSLATION

He alone is the Supreme Lord. He is worshipped as the ātmā by the jñānīs and yogīs. He is to be worshipped by the knowers of the Vedas, the followers of dharma and the performers of austerities. May the Lord whose qualities cannot be known even by those free of deceit such as Brahmā and Śiva be merciful to me!

COMMENTARY

The excellence of those with bhakti was shown by negative and positive statements in the last two verses. The Lord is now shown to be worshipped by others for attaining their particular goals. He is the Lord. He is worshipped as the ātmā by the jñānīs and yogīs (ātmavatām). He is worshipped by the followers of the Vedas, the followers of dharma and the followers of austerity. His qualities cannot be known with certainty even by those free of deceit such as Brahmā and Śiva. What then to speak of knowing his form which holds those qualities? And what to speak of those jñānīs and yogīs who are not free of deceit knowing his qualities or form!

|| 2.4.20 ||

śriyaḥ patir yajña-patiḥ prajā-patir

dhiyāṁ patir loka-patir dharā-patiḥ |

patir gatiś cāndhaka-vṛṣṇi-sātvatāṁ

prasīdatāṁ me bhagavān satāṁ patiḥ ||

TRANSLATION

He is the protector of prosperity, sacrifice, the citizens, the intelligent, the planets, and the earth. He is the protector and goal to be attained for the Andhakas, Vṛṣṇis and Yadus. May the Lord, master of the devotees, be pleased with me!

COMMENTARY

The Lord is protector of all. Details are given. He is the master and the goal to be attained, as a Yādava in his aprakaṭa form.

|| 2.4.21 ||

yad-aṅghry-abhidhyāna-samādhi-dhautayā

dhiyānupaśyanti hi tattvam ātmanaḥ |

vadanti caitat kavayo yathā-rucaṁ

sa me mukundo bhagavān prasīdatām ||

TRANSLATION

May Mukunda be pleased with me! Purified by meditation on his feet the wise sages see with their intelligence the truth about Paramātmā and while others speak of him according to their impure intelligence.

COMMENTARY

May Kṛṣṇa give me knowledge! Those purified by samādhi at the Lord’s feet see the true form of Paramātmā. But (ca) other learned people speak of him according to their taste, by the power of their learning. Some say he is Paramātmā but others will speak of him as having form, having no form, the jīva who is small, or an all-pervading jīva. Or others will speak of the universe as false though it appears true and eternal. They speak according to their intelligence, but their intelligence has not been purified. Therefore they do not see the truth about the ātmā.

|| 2.4.22 ||

pracoditā yena purā sarasvatī

vitanvatājasya satīṁ smṛtiṁ hṛdi |

sva-lakṣaṇā prādurabhūt kilāsyataḥ

sa me ṛṣīṇām ṛṣabhaḥ prasīdatām ||

TRANSLATION

May the Lord, the best of the sages, be pleased with me! Inspired by him, at the beginning of the kalpa, Sarasvatī, whose aim is to reveal Kṛṣṇa, appeared from the mouth of Brahmā and revealed proper memory to carry out creation in his heart.

COMMENTARY

“Just as the Lord made the Vedas flow from the mouth of Brahmā, may he let the description of his pastimes flow from my mouth!” That wish is expressed in this verse.  Inspired by the Lord, Sarasvatī, the form of the Vedas, appeared (prādurabhūta) from Brahmā’s mouth (āsyataḥ) at the beginning of the kalpa (purā), and revealed (vitanvatā) proper memory in his heart. Sarasvatī shows (laksaṇā) Kṛṣṇa (sva) as the object of worship. The Lord says:

kālena naṣṭā pralaye vāṇīyaṁ veda-saṁjñitā |

mayādau brahmaṇe proktā dharmo yasyāṁ mad-ātmakaḥ ||

By the influence of time, the Vedic knowledge was lost at the time of annihilation. Therefore, when the subsequent creation took place, I spoke to Brahmā the Vedic knowledge in which bhakti is the essence. SB 11.14.3

|| 2.4.23 ||

bhūtair mahadbhir ya imāḥ puro vibhur

nirmāya śete yad amūṣu pūruṣaḥ |

bhuṅkte guṇān ṣoḍaśa ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ

so ’laṅkṛṣīṣṭa bhagavān vacāṁsi me ||

TRANSLATION

May the Lord ornament my words by his presence in them, just as he creates the bodies for the living beings with the material elements and dwells in them, but, as the puruṣa, being the life of the sixteen elements, enjoys them without being contaminated.

COMMENTARY

“Now may my words, created by him, by his presence in them, create beauty with literary ornaments and qualities invoking mādhurya, karauṇa and other rasas, to bring joy to the listeners!” May the Lord ornament my words by being present in them, just as the Lord after creating bodies for humans and others, personally resides in those bodies and makes them successful. Having created the bodies (imāḥ puraḥ) by mahat-tattva and other elements, he dwells (śete) in those bodies (amūṣu) as the antaryāmī. The meaning of puruṣa is then proved. He can to this, because as the puruṣa he enjoys the guṇas in the form of the eleven senses and five gross elements without contamination, since he enjoys by his glances. May he also enjoy the qualities of my words! Ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ means “one who gives life to the sixteen elements.” The ending kaḥ has the same meaning as the word without kaḥ. Those bodies, endowed with ornaments and clothing, but without the Lord’s presence, are untouchable by the devotees. May my words not be without your presence!

|| 2.4.24 ||

namas tasmai bhagavate vāsudevāya vedhase |

papur jñānam ayaṁ saumyā yan-mukhāmburuhāsavam ||

TRANSLATION

I offer respects to the avatāra of Vāsudeva, Vyāsadeva, the writer of scriptures, whose lotus mouth nectar, topics about Kṛṣṇa, filled with knowledge, the devotees drink.

COMMENTARY

He offers respects to his guru Vyāsadeva, who is the avatāra of Vāsudeva (vāsudevāya), who is the maker of scriptures (vedhase), whose lotus mouth nectar, filled with knowledge, the devotees drink. Or Vāsudeva can mean Kṛṣṇa. Then saumyāḥ refers to gopīs of Kṛṣṇa. Jñānam means filled with knowledge. Just by drinking the nectar of his lotus mouth, filled with the most extraordinary knowledge, filled with ornaments, rasa, and skill in dancing, singing, music, and art, which they knew nothing about, the gopīs attained full realization of it. Let us, following them, also attain that knowledge. This is the confidential meaning.

|| 2.4.25 ||

etad evātma-bhū rājan nāradāya vipṛcchate |

veda-garbho ’bhyadhāt sākṣād yad āha harir ātmanaḥ ||

TRANSLATION

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