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I offer continual respects to the Lord with all auspicious qualities, whose glorification, remembrance, deity form, topics and worship immediately destroy the impurities of man.
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- When the best of the kings sat fasting, the devatās in the sky showered the earth with flowers in praise and continually drums sounded in joy.
- We will all remain here until the king, the best of the devotees, gives up his body and attains the supreme planet which is without grief and passion.
- When his guest arrived, Parīkṣit worshipped him with bowed head. The ignorant women and children disappeared. In the worship, Śukadeva sat on a huge seat.
- Otherwise how is it possible that explicitly dying men like us can see a perfected being like you, whose movements are unknown, and is most munificent?
- I ask the supreme guru of the yogīs what is complete perfection and what is to be done at all times for attaining that perfection for a man about to die.
- Being addressed and questioned by the king with sweet words, the great son of Vyāsa, knower of dharma, began to answer.
- O King! There are thousands of topics that can be heard by those who do not inquire about the goal of life, those who are attached to the house and commit five types of violence.
- Deeply attached to his body, children and wife, who are like an army giving protection, though they are false, he sees their destruction but does not see it.
- For persons fixed in jñāna, yoga and karma, gaining such a birth, with remembrance of Nārāyaṇa while rejecting the other processes, is the best.
- O descendent of the Kurus! But you have seven days remaining in your life. Make all necessary arrangements in this time for your destination after death.
- The body of the universal form is more solid than the solid. Within that form, the past, present and future of the universe, the products of the Lord, are seen.
- Pātala are his soles, Rasātala is his heels, Mahātala is his ankles and Talātala is his calves.
- O best of the Kurus! The clouds are his hair. Twilight is his clothing. Avaykta-prakṛti is his intelligence. The moon is his mind, the shelter of all change.
- They say that mahat-tattva is his citta. Rudra is his false ego. Horses, mules, camels and elephants are his nails. All animals are his hips.
- Meditating on the Puruṣa in the Heart
- He is decorated with valuable belt, rings, anklets, and bracelets. His attractive, smiling face is surrounded by spotless, glossy, curly black locks of hair.
- The unchanging Lord reviewed three times the Vedas completely with his intelligence, and determined that process which produces prema in the self.
- Auspiciousness arises for the worshippers of devatās if firm devotion for the Lord arises from association with devotees.
- aunaka said: Hearing the explanations, what else did the King, best of the Bharata lineage, ask the wise sage Śukadeva?
- O learned Sūta! You should tell that to us, who desire to hear. Topics which conclude in discussion of the Lord will certainly appear in the assembly of great devotees.
- Both by rising and by setting, the sun decreases the duration of life of everyone, except one who utilizes the time by discussing topics of the Supreme Lord.
- Do not the trees live long life? Do not the bellows breathe? Do not the village animals and animal-like men eat and mate?
- He completely gave up attachment to body, wife, sons, house, animals, wealth, friends, kingdom, which is constant and strong in others.
- O great devotees! The intelligent Parīkṣit, full of faith in hearing Kṛṣṇa’s activities, asked this question to Śukadeva which you have asked me.
- Sūta said: Being thus requested by the King to speak about the qualities of the Lord, Śukadeva, remembering the Lord of the senses, prepared to answer.
- I offer continual respects to the Lord with all auspicious qualities, whose glorification, remembrance, deity form, topics and worship immediately destroy the impurities of man.
- O King! Brahmā, filled with the Vedas, taught this knowledge, which the Lord had directly spoke to him, to Nārada who asked about it.
- Nārada said: O lord of lords! O creator of the living beings! O first born! You know that knowledge which reveals the truth about the ātmā and Paramātmā.
- Situated in your own energy like a spider creating his web, without fatigue, you protect the living beings within yourself, without being destroyed.
- Though you are like this, you performed great austerities. By this you bewilder us. You produce a doubt that there is some other Lord.
- O son! What you say about me is not untrue, because people, not knowing the difference between me and the Lord say that I have that power.
- I meditate on the Supreme Lord Vāsudeva, by whose insurmountable māyā people call me the guru of the universe.
- I am created by him. Inspired by the Lord’s glance, I create what is already created by the Lord -- the witness, the soul situated in all beings.
- Second Description of the Universal Form: Vibhūtis of the Lord
- From his body hairs arose all trees by which sacrifice is performed. From his hair and beard arose clouds and from his nails arose lightning, minerals and metals.
- brahma-nārada-saṁvādaḥ
- Parīkṣit’s Questions
- Please describe the various yugas, their durations, their dharmas, and the astonishing activities of the yugāvatāras of the Lord.
- O Brahmā! All auspiciousness to you! Please ask your desired benediction from me, who can award all benedictions. Endeavors in the process of bhakti end in seeing me.
- Brahmā said: O Supreme Lord! You, the controller of all beings, are situated in their intelligence. You know what all beings desire to do by unimpaired intelligence.
- Follow my instructions in detail, with extreme concentration. You will not be bewildered at any time during your lifetime and its subdivisions.
- Ten Characteristics of a Purāṇa
- a-kathā refers to descriptions of the Lord’s avatāras and their devotees, filled with various stories.
- When the pure puruṣa, separating himself from the universe, remained outside, desiring a place to lie down in the universe, he created the pure waters of the Garbhodaka.
- The wise do not accept these two forms of the Lord described by me since they are composed of matter.
- The Lord has been described in many scriptures as the creator of the universe. Some pure devotees however do not see him only as the creator of the universe.
- Sūta said: I will explain to you what the great sage Śukadeva spoke in response to Parīkṣit when asked by Parīkṣit. Please listen.
- evam etat purā pṛṣṭo maitreyo bhagavān kila
- yad vā ayaṁ mantra-kṛd vo bhagavān akhileśvaraḥ
- yadā tu rājā sva-sutān asādhūn
COMMENTARY
Hṛṣīkeśa is the person who inspires all the senses. May the Lord become situated in my words and answer you! While offering respects to the Lord and guru, he begins to answer.
|| 2.4.12 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca—
namaḥ parasmai puruṣāya bhūyase
sad-udbhava-sthāna-nirodha-līlayā |
gṛhīta-śakti-tritayāya dehinām
antar-bhavāyānupalakṣya-vartmane ||
TRANSLATION
Śukadeva said: I offer my respects to the supreme person Kṛṣṇa, whose powerful expansion is Mahā-viṣṇu, performing pastimes of creation, maintenance and destruction of the universe through accepting the three guṇas, whose second and third expansions act as the inner soul of the universe and the jīvas, and who can be realized by the path of bhakti, but cannot be realized by other paths.
COMMENTARY
He offers respects in thirteen verses. I offer my respects to the supreme person, Kṛṣṇa. First he speaks of the power of Kṛṣṇa. I offer respects to the unlimited power of the puruṣāvatāras (bhūyase). He then describes a pastime of the first puruṣāvatāra: creation, maintenance and destruction of the universe using the three guṇas or sattva, rajas and tamas (gṛhīta-śakti-tritayāya). He then describes the second and third puruṣas. He is the antaryāmī of the whole universe and all the living beings within (antarbhavāya). He can be realized by bhakti, but is unknown to the yogīs (anupalakṣya-vartmane).
|| 2.4.13 ||
bhūyo namaḥ sad-vṛjina-cchide ’satām
asambhavāyākhila-sattva-mūrtaye |
puṁsāṁ punaḥ pāramahaṁsya āśrame
vyavasthitānām anumṛgya-dāśuṣe ||
TRANSLATION
Again I offer respects to you, the destroyer of suffering of the devotees and giver of liberation to the demons, the form of śuddha-sattva, the shelter of those with the mood of the paramahaṁsas, the giver of brahman to the bhakti-miśra-jñānīs and prema to the pure devotees.
COMMENTARY
The sweetness of the Lord’s mercy is now described. Again I offer respects to you who destroy the suffering of your devotee by appearing as Rāma and Kṛṣṇa (sad-vṛjina-cchide). You destroy the suffering of material existence (abhavāya) for the sinful (asatām), non-devotee rāṣaksas and asuras, by personally killing them.
Khila-sattva means inferior, material existence. Akhila-sattva means superior, spiritual existence. You have a body of śuddha-sattva. You are the shelter of the mood of the paramahaṁsas. You are the giver of the bliss of brahman to the bhakti-miśra-jñānīs and the giver of the bliss of prema to the pure devotees (vyavasthitānām), who are under your shelter.
|| 2.4.14 ||
namo namas te ’stv ṛṣabhāya sātvatāṁ
vidūra-kāṣṭhāya muhuḥ kuyoginām |
nirasta-sāmyātiśayena rādhasā
sva-dhāmani brahmaṇi raṁsyate namaḥ ||
TRANSLATION
I continually offer respects to you, son of Vasudeva of the Yadus, who remain forever distant from the non-devotees, who are the enjoyer in your spiritual abode in Mathurā and Vraja with your devotees, displaying powers that are unequalled and unsurpassed.
COMMENTARY
You are filled with power and sweetness. Continually I offer respects (namo namaḥ). By using the second person case (te), he implies that the Lord is directly his worshippable deity. I offer respects to the son of Vasudeva (ṛṣabhāya), of the Yadu dynasty (sātvatām). The phrase ṛṣabhāya sātvatām also implies the meaning “protector of the devotees” in connection with the previous verse. You are a distant for those without bhakti (kuyoginām). But you are not distant or hidden. There is no one equal or greater than you in power (rādhasā). You are the enjoyer (raṁsyate) in your dhāma of Mathurā-maṇḍala, along with those persons qualified for that enjoyment. What type of dhāma is that? It is the very form of brahman. Tāsāṁ madhye sākṣād brahma gopāla-purī hi: in the center is the town of the cowherd Kṛṣṇa, which is directly brahman. (Gopāla-tāpinī Upaniṣad) Rādhasā indicates his power and raṁsyate indicates his sweetness.
|| 2.4.15 ||
yat-kīrtanaṁ[113] yat-smaraṇaṁ yad-īkṣaṇaṁ
yad-vandanaṁ yac-chravaṇaṁ yad-arhaṇam |
lokasya sadyo vidhunoti kalmaṣaṁ
tasmai subhadra-śravase namo namaḥ ||
TRANSLATION
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