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Sūta said: Being thus requested by the King to speak about the qualities of the Lord, Śukadeva, remembering the Lord of the senses, prepared to answer.
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- Having decided in this way the wise king, entrusting the country to his son, sat down facing north on kuśa grass with tips facing east, on the right bank of the river.
- When the best of the kings sat fasting, the devatās in the sky showered the earth with flowers in praise and continually drums sounded in joy.
- We will all remain here until the king, the best of the devotees, gives up his body and attains the supreme planet which is without grief and passion.
- When his guest arrived, Parīkṣit worshipped him with bowed head. The ignorant women and children disappeared. In the worship, Śukadeva sat on a huge seat.
- Otherwise how is it possible that explicitly dying men like us can see a perfected being like you, whose movements are unknown, and is most munificent?
- I ask the supreme guru of the yogīs what is complete perfection and what is to be done at all times for attaining that perfection for a man about to die.
- Being addressed and questioned by the king with sweet words, the great son of Vyāsa, knower of dharma, began to answer.
- O King! There are thousands of topics that can be heard by those who do not inquire about the goal of life, those who are attached to the house and commit five types of violence.
- Deeply attached to his body, children and wife, who are like an army giving protection, though they are false, he sees their destruction but does not see it.
- For persons fixed in jñāna, yoga and karma, gaining such a birth, with remembrance of Nārāyaṇa while rejecting the other processes, is the best.
- O descendent of the Kurus! But you have seven days remaining in your life. Make all necessary arrangements in this time for your destination after death.
- The body of the universal form is more solid than the solid. Within that form, the past, present and future of the universe, the products of the Lord, are seen.
- Pātala are his soles, Rasātala is his heels, Mahātala is his ankles and Talātala is his calves.
- O best of the Kurus! The clouds are his hair. Twilight is his clothing. Avaykta-prakṛti is his intelligence. The moon is his mind, the shelter of all change.
- They say that mahat-tattva is his citta. Rudra is his false ego. Horses, mules, camels and elephants are his nails. All animals are his hips.
- Meditating on the Puruṣa in the Heart
- He is decorated with valuable belt, rings, anklets, and bracelets. His attractive, smiling face is surrounded by spotless, glossy, curly black locks of hair.
- The unchanging Lord reviewed three times the Vedas completely with his intelligence, and determined that process which produces prema in the self.
- Auspiciousness arises for the worshippers of devatās if firm devotion for the Lord arises from association with devotees.
- aunaka said: Hearing the explanations, what else did the King, best of the Bharata lineage, ask the wise sage Śukadeva?
- O learned Sūta! You should tell that to us, who desire to hear. Topics which conclude in discussion of the Lord will certainly appear in the assembly of great devotees.
- Both by rising and by setting, the sun decreases the duration of life of everyone, except one who utilizes the time by discussing topics of the Supreme Lord.
- Do not the trees live long life? Do not the bellows breathe? Do not the village animals and animal-like men eat and mate?
- He completely gave up attachment to body, wife, sons, house, animals, wealth, friends, kingdom, which is constant and strong in others.
- O great devotees! The intelligent Parīkṣit, full of faith in hearing Kṛṣṇa’s activities, asked this question to Śukadeva which you have asked me.
- Sūta said: Being thus requested by the King to speak about the qualities of the Lord, Śukadeva, remembering the Lord of the senses, prepared to answer.
- I offer continual respects to the Lord with all auspicious qualities, whose glorification, remembrance, deity form, topics and worship immediately destroy the impurities of man.
- O King! Brahmā, filled with the Vedas, taught this knowledge, which the Lord had directly spoke to him, to Nārada who asked about it.
- Nārada said: O lord of lords! O creator of the living beings! O first born! You know that knowledge which reveals the truth about the ātmā and Paramātmā.
- Situated in your own energy like a spider creating his web, without fatigue, you protect the living beings within yourself, without being destroyed.
- Though you are like this, you performed great austerities. By this you bewilder us. You produce a doubt that there is some other Lord.
- O son! What you say about me is not untrue, because people, not knowing the difference between me and the Lord say that I have that power.
- I meditate on the Supreme Lord Vāsudeva, by whose insurmountable māyā people call me the guru of the universe.
- I am created by him. Inspired by the Lord’s glance, I create what is already created by the Lord -- the witness, the soul situated in all beings.
- Second Description of the Universal Form: Vibhūtis of the Lord
- From his body hairs arose all trees by which sacrifice is performed. From his hair and beard arose clouds and from his nails arose lightning, minerals and metals.
- brahma-nārada-saṁvādaḥ
- Parīkṣit’s Questions
- Please describe the various yugas, their durations, their dharmas, and the astonishing activities of the yugāvatāras of the Lord.
- O Brahmā! All auspiciousness to you! Please ask your desired benediction from me, who can award all benedictions. Endeavors in the process of bhakti end in seeing me.
- Brahmā said: O Supreme Lord! You, the controller of all beings, are situated in their intelligence. You know what all beings desire to do by unimpaired intelligence.
- Follow my instructions in detail, with extreme concentration. You will not be bewildered at any time during your lifetime and its subdivisions.
- Ten Characteristics of a Purāṇa
- a-kathā refers to descriptions of the Lord’s avatāras and their devotees, filled with various stories.
- When the pure puruṣa, separating himself from the universe, remained outside, desiring a place to lie down in the universe, he created the pure waters of the Garbhodaka.
- The wise do not accept these two forms of the Lord described by me since they are composed of matter.
- The Lord has been described in many scriptures as the creator of the universe. Some pure devotees however do not see him only as the creator of the universe.
- Sūta said: I will explain to you what the great sage Śukadeva spoke in response to Parīkṣit when asked by Parīkṣit. Please listen.
- evam etat purā pṛṣṭo maitreyo bhagavān kila
- yad vā ayaṁ mantra-kṛd vo bhagavān akhileśvaraḥ
TRANSLATION
I desire to know how the Lord maintains and then destroys the universe again. By which śaktis does this possessor of many śaktis, the supreme person, sport with māyā and create the elements, and then employing the devatās create the bodies of the living entities? O brāhmaṇa! The activities of the Lord, performer of astonishing activities, certainly appear hard to understand for even the wise.
COMMENTARY
Gopāyati means “maintains.” Samyacchate means “destroys.” The Lord possesses many śaktis such as the taṭaṣthā-śakti, bahiraṅga-śakti and antaraṅga-śakti related to the jīva, matter and the spiritual world. He sports with māyā-śakti (krīḍan) and creates a form of himself (ātmānam karoti) in the form of mahat-tattva, false ego and other elements. This is a question about sarga, primary creation. He engages others, the devatās such as Brahmā and Marīci, in sporting (krīḍayan), and creates a form of himself (ātmānam vikaroti) in the form of the devatās, animals, and humans. This is secondary creation.
|| 2.4.9 ||
yathā guṇāṁs tu prakṛter yugapat kramaśo ’pi vā |
bibharti bhūriśas tv ekaḥ kurvan karmāṇi janmabhiḥ ||
TRANSLATION
Just as the Lord, while performing activities of creation and destruction, supports the guṇas of prakṛti all at once as one puruṣa, he also supports the guṇas through many forms of devatās. Does he do this gradually in sequence?
COMMENTARY
Just as the Lord, as one, as the puruṣa, supports the guṇas of prākṛti at one time, or, without being contaminated, as one puruṣa, activates the guṇas with his glance and maintain them, he also maintains the guṇas as many (bhūriśaḥ), by the appearance (janmabhiḥ) of Brahmā, Marīci and others. Does he do this gradually in sequence? How does he support the gūnas? He performs activities of creation.
|| 2.4.10 ||
vicikitsitam etan me bravītu bhagavān yathā |
śābde brahmaṇi niṣṇātaḥ parasmiṁś ca bhavān khalu ||
TRANSLATION
Please speak these topics about which I am doubtful. You are expert in discerning the truth in the scriptures just as Kṛṣṇa himself knows, and you have realized Kṛṣṇa.
COMMENTARY
Vicikitsitam means doubt. “If this is hard for the wise to understand, how do you know that I know?” “Just as Kṛṣṇa, Bhagavān, knows, you, his devotee, also know.” You are expert in discerning the Vedas (brahmaṇi) and in realizing Kṛṣṇa (parasmin). Other writers of scripture do not all realize Kṛṣṇa. They do not know. The Lord says:
kiṁ vidhatte kim ācaṣṭe kim anūdya vikalpayet |
ity asyā hṛdayaṁ loke nānyo mad veda kaścana ||
What do the Vedas instruct as action? What is the final meaning of the Vedas? What alternatives do the Vedas raise? No one except me or my dear devotee knows the intended meaning of the Vedas. SB 11.21.42
The Vaiṣṇavas should hear the pastimes of Kṛṣṇa and the avatāras involving the cit-śakti and but should similarly hear the pastimes of the puruṣāvatāras such as creating the universe, involving māyā-śakti. Those pastimes should not be leered at. The hearer Parīkṣit and the speaker Śukadeva intended that those pastimes should be known.
|| 2.4.11 ||
sūta uvāca—
ity upāmantrito rājñā guṇānukathane hareḥ |
hṛṣīkeśam anusmṛtya prativaktuṁ pracakrame ||
TRANSLATION
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