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atha caturtho ’dhyāyaḥ
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- Vishvanatha Chakravarti Thakura
- atha prathamo ’dhyāyaḥ
- O long-lived sage! You should tell us at once in easy terms, and thoroughly, the highest object for mankind that you have discerned in all the scriptures.
- The Supreme Lord Keśava, whose intentions remain concealed because he is deceptive to mankind, performed pastimes with Balarāma.
- Please tell us where dharma has taken shelter, now that Kṛṣṇa, master of all yogas, devoted to the righteous, and the protector of dharma, has entered his abode.
- The son of Romaharṣaṇa (Sūta or Ugraśravas), delighted at the questions of the sages, respecting their words, began to speak.
- Varṇāśrama-dharma of the human being, which does not produce attraction for topics of the Lord, is only wasted effort.
- O best of the brāhmaṇas! The complete perfection of dharma, according to divisions of varṇāśrama by men, is pleasing the Lord.
- Who will not develop attraction for topics of the Lord, remembrance of whom, like a sword, will cut the knots of karma?
- Ignorance is cut and all doubts are destroyed. On seeing the Lord in the mind and with the eyes, all karmas are destroyed.
- Thus the wise constantly perform bhakti - which gives joy to the mind - to Lord Kṛṣṇa with great joy.
- Therefore the ancient sages worshipped Supreme Lord, beyond the material senses, composed of viśuddha-sattva. Those who follow the sages attain liberation in this world.
- naimiṣīyopākhyāne janma-guhyaṁ nāma
- First of all, the supreme lord accepted the form of the eternal first puruṣa full like the moon for creating the universes from mahā-tattva and other elements.
- Garbhodakaśāyī first made his appearance in the Kumāras. Becoming brāhmaṇas, they undertook continuous, severe vows of brahmacarya.
- Secondly the lord of sacrifice, lifting up the earth from Rasātala, for its welfare, took the form of the boar.
- Being requested by Anasūyā, the wife of Atri, the Lord became her son as Dattātreya and taught knowledge of the soul to Alarka, Prahlāda and others.
- Taking the form of Vāmana as fifteenth avatāra, the Lord went to sacrifice of Bali, begging three steps of land, but desiring to steal the heavenly kingdom from him.
- The Lord, taking the divine human form of Rāma, performed brave actions such as controlling the ocean with a desire to help the devatās.
- At the junction of the yugas when the kings are almost criminal, the Lord of the universe Kalki will be born as the son of Viṣṇu-yaśas.
- All sages, Manus, devatās, powerful humans (sons of Manu) along with Brahmā’s sons are also considered to be vibhūtis of the Lord.
- The pure person who chants with devotion the glories of the Lord’s appearance, which is mysterious, becomes free from all sorrows.
- When the gross and subtle material forms, which are impositions on the soul in ignorance, are removed by the realization of the devotees, one can realize brahman.
- ukadeva spoke it (the Bhāgavatam) to King Parīkṣit, who was surrounded by great sages, as he sat fasting till death on the bank of the Gaṅgā.
- atha caturtho ’dhyāyaḥ
- In which yuga, in what place, and for what reason did the sage Vyāsa write this work? Who inspired him to write this work?
- How did the conversation of Parīkṣit with Śukadeva arise, through which this Vaiṣṇava scripture appeared?
- The great devotee would wait in the houses of married couples only as long as it took to milk a cow, purifying the inhabitants by giving spiritual benefit.
- Please explain to us whatever I have asked you on this subject. I think that you are most capable of explaining all subjects, except some portions of the Veda.
- Vyāsa was born in the womb of Satyavatī as a portion of the Lord when the third part of Dvāpara-yuga arrived in the passing of yugas.
- Each of these sages divided up his Veda into many divisions and these Vedas then developed branches as they were passed on to disciples, grand-disciples and great-grand-disciples.
- The supreme lord Vyāsa, merciful to the most fallen, thus divided the Vedas so that they could be understood by the foolish.
- Perhaps the path of bhakti pleasing to the most elevated devotees has not been sufficiently described. And the elevated devotees alone are dear to the Lord.
- As Vyāsa was lamenting, considering himself most vile, Nārada approached the hermitage, which was previously described.
- Understanding that Nārada, worshipped by the Devatās, had suddenly arrived, Vyāsa worshipped him as if he were Brahmā.
- You have also investigated and realized the brahman which is eternal. Then why should you lament that you have been unsuccessful?
- By this knowledge I understood the influence of the spiritual and material energies of the creator Lord Vāsudeva. By this understanding the devotees attain the Lord’s abode.
- The substance by which a living being’s disease arises and which does not cure the disease, when combined with other substances in a medicine, destroys the disease.
- That jñāna which arises from karma, which is pleasing to the Lord because of being offered to him, is endowed with bhakti.
- I offer respects to you, Bhagavān Kṛsṇa. Let us respect Vāsudeva, Pradyumna, Aniruddha and Saṇkarṣaṇa (Balarāma) in our minds.
- Using this mantra indicating the four forms, one worships the deity who is the subject of the dhyāna-mantra, the Lord worthy of worship. That person is worthy of being seen.
- O brāhmana! The Lord, knowing that I had undertaken the highest instructions given by him, gave me realization of himself, then powerful siddhis, and finally prema for him.
- vyāsa-nārada-saṁvādo nāma
- When the mendicant teachers who had given me knowledge left, even though I was of young age, I did as they instructed.
- Considering that her death was the mercy of the Lord who is concerned for the welfare of his devotees, I departed immediately for the north.
- Senses and body exhausted, thirsty and hungry, after bathing in a pool of a river, I performed ācamana and took rest.
- In that desolate forest, sitting at the base of a pippala tree, I concentrated by my intelligence on Paramātmā situated within my mind, as I had been taught.
- As I endeavored to see him in that lonely place the Lord, inexpressible by words, then spoke to me with affectionate words, which removed my grief.
- Oh! In this body you will not be able to see me again. But lax practitioners who still have some contamination cannot see me at all.
- By serving the devotees for even a short time, your intelligence became firmly fixed in Me. When you give up this body of low birth, you will become my associate.
COMMENTARY
Prāyopaviṣtam (literally “sitting till death”) means “sitting down while fasting till death.” It is like the expression go-dohanam āste; he sits until the milking of the cow is finished. Medinī says prāyo maraṇānaśane mṛtyau bāhulyayor: prāyo means fasting till death, death, majority and similar.
|| 1.3.43 ||
kṛṣṇe sva-dhāmopagate dharma-jñānādibhiḥ saha |
kalau naṣṭa-dṛśām eṣa purāṇārko ’dhunoditaḥ ||
TRANSLATION
Though Kṛṣṇa, left Dvārakā, arrived at Prabhāsa, and then disappeared along with his six opulences, this Purāṇa, another form of the sun, has now risen in Kali-yuga for those who have lost their knowledge.
COMMENTARY
What more can be said? You asked where dharma has taken shelter (SB 1.1.23) Please understand the answer now. Kṛṣṇa having departed from his abode Dvārakā (sva-dhāma) arrived at (upagate) Prabhāsa and then disappeared along with his six powers such as dharma and jñāna. The details are not mentioned clearly because the pastime of Kṛṣṇa’s disappearance causes disturbance to the devotee. Naṣṭa-dṛṣām refers to persons who have lost knowledge. The word dṛk (sight) suggests a verse at the end of the Eleventh Canto:
apaśyatas tvac-caraṇāmbujaṁ prabho dṛṣṭiḥ praṇaṣṭā tamasi praviṣṭā
diśo na jāne na labhe ca śāntiṁ yathā niśāyām uḍupe praṇaṣṭe
Just as on a moonless night people are merged into darkness and cannot find their way, now that I have lost sight of Your lotus feet, my Lord, I have lost my vision and am wandering blindly in darkness. I cannot tell my direction, nor can I find any peace. SB 11.30.43
From that, the following inference can be made. Kṛṣṇa is the sun, and Mathurā is like the Sunrise Mountain. Prabhāsa is the Sunset Mountain. The righteous persons are like cakravāka birds which mourn in the night and rejoice in the day. The evil persons are like fog. Darkness is the totality of sins. The devotees are like a grove of lotuses. Kṛṣṇa is clearly compared to the sun in the following verse:
kṛṣṇa-dyumaṇi nimloce gīrṇeṣv ajagareṇa ha
kiṁ nu naḥ kuśalaṁ brūyāṁ gata-śrīṣu gṛheṣv aham
My dear Vidura, the sun of the world, Lord Kṛṣṇa, has set, and our house has now been swallowed by the great snake of time. What can I say to you about our welfare? SB 3.2.7
Though the sun of Kṛṣṇa has set, the sun of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa has risen. A form corresponding to the sun becomes the sun.
|| 1.3.44 ||
tatra kīrtayato viprā viprarṣer bhūri-tejasaḥ |
ahaṁ cādhyagamaṁ tatra niviṣṭas tad-anugrahāt |
so ’haṁ vaḥ śrāvayiṣyāmi yathādhītaṁ yathā-mati ||
TRANSLATION
Seated in the assembly, out of his great mercy, I learned this scripture from the powerful Śukadeva, who recited it there. I will teach you this scripture as I learned it, according to Śukadeva’s realization.
COMMENTARY
Sitting at one place in the assembly (tatra niviṣṭaḥ), getting his mercy, I learned (adhyāgamam) this scripture from Śukadeva (viprarṣeḥ), who recited it in the assembly (tatra). That Sūta was present there is understood from the following:
imāṁ vakṣyaty asau sūta ṛṣibhyo naimiṣālaye
dīrgha-satre kuru-śreṣṭha sampṛṣṭaḥ śaunakādibhiḥ
O best of the Kurus, the same Sūta Gosvāmī who is sitting before us will speak this Bhāgavatam to the sages assembled in the great sacrifice at Naimiṣāraṇya. This he will do when questioned by the members of the assembly, headed by Śaunaka. SB 12.4.43
I do not concoct anything (yathādhītam) but follow Śukadeva who understood everything, grasping its full extent with his intelligence (yathā matiḥ).
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