viduraivaṁ prabhāṣyate
iḍā-vatsara eva ca
anuvatsaro vatsaraś ca
viduraivaṁ prabhāṣyate
O Vidura! The sun’s full revolution through the zodiac belt is called a saṁvatsara. The full revolution of Jupiter through the zodiac is called parivatsara. The year for twenty-seven constellations is called a vatsara. The lunar year is called an anuvatsara. The remaining constellations have a year called idā-vatsara.
The planets, constellations and other constellations have been described. This verse gives the different names of the years for the orbiting sun and other heavenly bodies. One year for the sun is called a saṁvatsara (365.25 days). One year for Jupiter is called a parivatsara (11.87 years). One year for the moon is called an anuvatsara (327.6 days).[245] Since there is no orbital motion of the constellations time is measured using the moon’s movements. For the twenty-seven constellations, twelve months of twenty-seven days makes a vatsara (324 days). Because of there is no measuring system in relation to the remaining constellations, they have a year called idā-vatsara with solar months of thirty days (total of 360 days).
|| 3.11.15 ||
yaḥ sṛjya-śaktim urudhocchvasayan sva-śaktyā
puṁso ’bhramāya divi dhāvati bhūta-bhedaḥ
kālākhyayā guṇamayaṁ kratubhir vitanvaṁs
tasmai baliṁ harata vatsara-pañcakāya
The sun, made out of particular material elements, moves in the sky, displaying with force the ability of plants to germinate through his energy of time, and producing material results by means of ritual actions according to proper calculation of time, in order to dispel illusion of men. O performers of dharma! You should make offerings to the sun for promoting the five types of year.
One may ask the purpose of having five different types of year. The religious acts accomplished by the various calculations of year are described in this verse. The sun, a particular form of the elements (bhūta-bhedaḥ) in the form of a ball of fire, moves in the sky (divi), revealing (uchvasayan) strongly in the form of time (svaśaktyā) the ability of plants to germinate. Why does it move in the sky? He increases the results, such as attainment of Svarga (guṇamayam) of those with material desires in order to destroy confusion for men, by actions performed with knowledge of the correct time for those actions, according to the saṁvatsara and other types of year. O followers of dharma! You should offer articles of worship such as arghya (balim) to the sun in order to set in motion the five types of year.
|| 3.11.16 ||
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