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Because I have killed children, brāhmaṇas, relatives, friends, paternal uncles, cousins, and gurus, I cannot be free from hellish punishments for ten thousand years.
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- After the warriors of both sides had met their end on the battlefield, and Duryodhana had his thigh broken by a blow from the club of Bhīma;
- At that time their mother hearing of the terrible death of her youthful sons, pained, eyes full of tears, began to lament. Arjuna spoke to pacify her.
- Sipping water and concentrating his mind, he released the weapon without knowing how to withdraw it, because his life was in danger.
- O Supreme Lord! What is this? I do not know where it has come from. This most ferocious fire is spread out in all directions.
- Seeing the great fire of their two weapons burning up the three worlds, all the citizens, afflicted by the heat, thought that this was the fire of final destruction.
- Eyes burning with anger, Arjuna quickly caught cruel Aśvatthāmā, and tied him up with rope like a beast.
- The knower of dharma does not kill an enemy who is a drunkard, or who is inattentive, insane, sleeping, young, a female, immobilised, surrendered, without chariot, or afraid.
- Arriving at his camp, Arjuna, whose friend and driver was Kṛṣṇa, offered Aśvatthāmā to his wife who was lamenting for her killed sons.
- Do not make Kṛpī, the mother of Aśvatthāmā and devoted to her husband, cry as I cry constantly with tearful face, pained by the death of my sons.
- Nakula and Sahadeva, Sātyaki, Arjuna, Kṛsṇa, and the women, were also happy with her words.
- You must fulfill your promise to Draupadī so that she is pacified. You must also act to please Bhīma, Draupadī, me and others.
- The method of killing the fallen brāhmaṇa is by shaving his head, taking away his wealth, and taking away his living place. One should not physically kill him.
- O powerful lord! This arrow of burning iron is pursuing me. O Lord! Let it burn me up! But let it not kill by child!
- O best of sages! Seeing five flaming arrows headed towards them, the Pāṇḍavas then took up their weapons.
- O Śaunaka! Though the brahmāstra is effective and cannot be prevented from acting, on meeting the weapon of Viṣṇu, it became completely ineffective.
- How can we women hope to see you, the object of bhakti for the omniscient, liberated sages?
- I repeatedly offer respects to Kṛṣṇa, the son of Vasudeva, who gave joy to Devakī, who was the child of Nanda and satisfier of the senses of the gopīs.
- I offer respects to you, with lotus navel, wearing a lotus garland, having lotus eyes, and lotus feet.
- O guru of the universe! May we have dangers in such situations continually, because in those dangers we will see you, and by that we will gain release from this material world.
- No one knows the intentions of the Lord who desires to hide himself in human form, who does not show favor or hatred to anyone, and about whom all men have different opinions.
- O soul of the universe! You are unborn and perform no actions, but you take birth and perform activities in the forms of animals, men and aquatics. This is extremely deceptive.
- Some say that you, though unborn, appeared as the son of Vasudeva in Devakī upon their request, in order to protect the world and kill the demons.
- Without your presence who are we, the Pāṇḍavas along with the Yadus with their fame and strength? We are like the senses without the jīva.
- O holder of the club! When you go, this land, marked with the special signs on your feet, will not glow as it does now.
- O brāhmaṇas! Yudhiṣṭhira, thinking of the killing of his friends, overcome with bewilderment arising from affection, due to material thinking, then spoke.
- Because I have killed children, brāhmaṇas, relatives, friends, paternal uncles, cousins, and gurus, I cannot be free from hellish punishments for ten thousand years.
- There is no sin for the king who kills the enemy in a righteous war, protecting the citizens. This rule does not apply to me.
- yudhiṣṭhira-rājya-pralambho nāma
- Having the shelter of brāhmaṇas, dharma and Kṛṣṇa, you should not live your life in suffering since that is dangerous and improper.
- I consider that this, which is unwelcome, has all been done to you by time, which controls the world and its protectors just as the wind controls the clouds.
- O King! No one can understand the plan of Kṛṣṇa because even those engaged in reasoning and scripture are bewildered by that inquiry.
- Bhagavān Kṛṣṇa, the original Nārāyaṇa, the puruṣa, who bewilders the world with his energy, secretly moves in the Yādava family.
- You think of Kṛṣṇa as your cousin, as a dear friend, as your selfless helper, and out of affection made him your counselor, messenger, and charioteer.
- Yudhiṣṭhira, hearing what he had said, then asked Bhīṣma, lying on a bed of arrows, about various dharmas while the sages were listening.
- The ignorant, who were like birds who think that day has been destroyed at the approach of evening, thought that Bhīṣma had attained the brahman, became silent.
- O Śaunaka of the Bhṛgu dynasty! Yudhiṣṭhira had last rites of the departed Bhīṣma performed and became sad for a moment.
- rī-kṛṣṇa-dvārakā-gamanaṁ nāma
- The rivers, oceans, mountains, trees, shrubs, and herbs of that kingdom yielded their products in every season.
- While Yudhiṣṭhira ruled, the living beings suffered no anxieties, sickness or inconveniences caused by nature, other living beings or themselves.
- Looking upon him with unblinking eyes, their hearts melted, they became filled with affection, and moved wherever he moved.
- Mṛdaṅgas, conches, bheris, vīṇas, paṇavas, gomukhas, dhundhuris, ānakas, bells and dundubhis began to sound.
- Acknowledging the words of the women of Hastināpura who had spoken in this way, with smiles and glances, Kṛṣṇa departed.
- Yudhiṣṭhira, worried about enemies, out of affection engaged an army of four parts[40] for the protection of Kṛṣṇa.
- rī-kṛṣṇa-dvārakā-gamanaṁ nāma
- O Lord! When you leave, how can we maintain our lives, not seeing your attractive face decorated with a pleasing smile, which dries up all miseries with its joyful glances.
- The city appeared splendid with lakes surrounded by pleasure gardens and plantations, with groves of pious trees and creepers giving fruit and flowers of all seasons.
- The city was adorned with full water pots, incense, lamps, offerings, yogurt, rice, fruits and sugar cane stalks at the door of every house.
- The actors, dancers, singers, reciters, bards and eulogists sang about the astonishing activities of the Lord.
- Entering the house of his parents, embraced by seven mothers, headed by Devakī, he offered respects with his head to them.
- Hearts trembling with joy, milk flowing from their breasts, they put Kṛṣṇa on their laps, and moistened them with their tears.
COMMENTARY
This verse describes Yudhiṣṭhira’s loss of discrimination. Though his self was actually spiritual, he thought of himself materially (prākṛtena ātmanā). But this was only a temporary imposition, by the Lord’s desire, so that the Lord’s plan could be carried out.
|| 1.8.48 ||
aho me paśyatājñānaṁ hṛdi rūḍhaṁ durātmanaḥ |
pārakyasyaiva dehasya bahvyo me ’kṣauhiṇīr hatāḥ ||
TRANSLATION
Oh! Look at the ignorance spread over my evil heart. Just for my body which is fit for the jackals’ food, I have killed many armies.
COMMENTARY
For my body which is food for dogs and jackals (pārakyasya) I have killed many akṣauhinīs. Vyāsa has described the akṣauhiṇī.
akṣauhiṇī prasaṁkhyātā rathānāṁ dvija-sattamāḥ |
saṁkhyā-gaṇana-tattva-jñaiḥ sahasrāny eka-viṁśatiḥ ||
śatāny upari caivāṣṭau tathā bhūyaś ca saptatiḥ |
gajānāṁ ca prasaṁkhyānam etad eva prakīrtitam ||
jñeyaṁ śata-sahasraṁ tu sahasrāni navaiva tu |
nārāṇām api pañcāśacchatāni trīṇi caiva hi ||
pañca-ṣaṣṭhi-sahasrāṇi tathāśvānāṁ śatāni ca |
daśottarāṇi ṣaṭ prāhuḥ saṁkhyā-tattva-vido janāḥ |
etām akṣauhiṇīṁ prāhur yathāvad iha saṁkhyayā ||
O best of the brāhmaṇas! Those who understand counting know that an akṣauhiṇī consists of 21,870 chariots and the same number of elephants. It has 109,350 foot soldiers. It has 65,610 horses.
|| 1.8.49 ||
bāla-dvija-suhṛn-mitra-pitṛ-bhrātṛ-guru-druhaḥ |
na me syān nirayān mokṣo hy api varṣāyutāyutaiḥ ||
TRANSLATION
Because I have killed children, brāhmaṇas, relatives, friends, paternal uncles, cousins, and gurus, I cannot be free from hellish punishments for ten thousand years.
COMMENTARY
Suhrt here means relatives and mitra means friends. Pitṛ means paternal uncles.
|| 1.8.50 ||
naino rājñaḥ prajā-bhartur dharma-yuddhe vadho dviṣām |
iti me na tu bodhāya kalpate śāsanaṁ vacaḥ ||
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