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d)final -n in many verbal forms wasn’t lost, e.g. OE cuman > Modern English come (the n remains in some past participles of strong verbs: seen, gone, taken).
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- b)is the study of sound in speech.
- d) Grimm's Law (or the First Sound Shift) doesn’t help to explain the consonant changes from P-I-E to Germanic.
- d) Verner was a famous German linguist.
- d) loss of consonants in certain positions.
- d) Vowels in Middle English were not similar to those of Old English.
- c) Consonants of Middle English were not similar to those of Present Day.
- d)final -n in many verbal forms wasn’t lost, e.g. OE cuman > Modern English come (the n remains in some past participles of strong verbs: seen, gone, taken).
- d) There were six diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.
- Histotical grammar of the English language
- c) Anomalous verbs were met very rarely in the texts.
- b) ME verbs added a new type of verb, phrasal verbs.
- d) the alternate verb forms' coexistence.
- and þæt wīf "the woman/wife" was neuter.
- Table. Examples of noun declension in EModE
- d) The adjective in OE had the following categories: two numbers;
- a) the weak adjective declension;
- b) min, myn , thin, thyn/thy, hir, hire;
- b) þonne (then), þæ'r (there), þider (thither), nú (now), hér (here), hider (hither);
- d) wide (widely), déope (deeply), fæste (fast), hearde (hard).
- d) Numerals from 20 to 100 were formed by placing tens first, and then units.
- b) addition of the Scandinavian borrowing ‘millioun’;
- a) They often come after their "object" and must be named postpositions.
- b) double negatives are not acceptable;
- Development of English vocabulary and word-formation
- b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.
- b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);
- d) mynet (mint – Lat. moneta), pund (pound – Lat. pondo), ynce (ounce– Lat. uncial).
- d) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc.
- d) West Saxon.. d) West Saxon.. b) Latin;. a) woolen cloth;. c) in the Battle of Hastings;. a) Bayeux tapestry;. a) the Bayeux tapestry;
- a) It is a unique and extraordinary document to reflect this episode of French history.
- a) Middle English, pilgrims, Canterbury Cathedral;
- a) During ME church literature was in Latin, chivalric poetry was for the most part in French while folklore continued to develop in Anglo-Saxon.
- c) the weakening of social ties between the various regions;
- d) the introduction of Christianity.
- a) The British monopolized the trade with India.
- a) the dialect of London, Cockney;
d)final -n in many verbal forms wasn’t lost, e.g. OE cuman > Modern English come (the n remains in some past participles of strong verbs: seen, gone, taken).
35. Match phonological changes in the period of Middle English with the examples (Table ). Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 2; 2,1; 3,4; 4,3; 5, 5;
b) 1, 3; 2,1; 3,4; 4,2; 5, 5;
c) 1, 5; 2,2; 3,4; 4,1; 5, 3;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4; 5, 3.
Table
1.
w generally dropped after s or t:
1.
lamb, comb, climb
2.
final b lost after m but retained in spelling
2.
OE sweostor > sister,
3.
initial stops in clusters gn- and kn- still pronounced
3.
OE ælc, swilc, hwilc, micel > each, such, which, much
4.
lwas lost in the vicinity of palatal c in adjectival pronouns
4.
ME gnat, gnawen, knowen, knave, cniht ("gnat," "gnaw," "know," "knave," "knight")
h often lost in unstressed positions: OE hit > ME it
5.
final -n also lost in possessive adjectives
5.
"my" (OE min > ME mi),
"thy" (OE þin > ME þi)
MODERN (NEW) ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM
36. Who first studied The Great Vowel Shift? Choose the correct answer.
a) Verner;
b) Grimm;
c) Otto Jespersen;
d) Plotkin.
37. Complete the statement. The Great Vowel Shift took place…
a) in England before 1100 and continued long after 1800.
b) in England before 1400 and continued long after 1700.
c) in Scotland between 1150 and 1650.
d) in Wales between 1150 and 1650.
38. What major linguistic change does this diagramme illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
a) Second Consonant Shift;
b) First Consonant Shift;
c) Great Vowel Shift;
d) Grimm’s Law.
Diagramme 1.
39. Read the statements and choose the correct letter.
The essence of the Great Vowel Shift lies in the process when the long vowels began to shorten. The short vowels DID NOT shift.
a) false;
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