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c) Consonants of Middle English were not similar to those of Present Day.
Содержание книги
- Бундестагом и Бундесратом поровну
- Общественные отношения, урегулированные нормами
- Демократический и авторитарный
- многопартийные, двухпартийные и однопартийные
- нормативные акты, относящиеся к предмету
- полутотаритарный режим с некоторыми внешними чертами демократических институтов, режим с ограниченной многопартийностью, режим с безраздельным господством исполнительной власти
- Решение наиболее важных вопросов государственной жизни страны
- законодательный орган Германии
- Государственную измену при исполнении своих обязанностей
- поступление на службу к иностранному государству
- Конституционный Суд, Верховный Суд Российской Федерации, Высший Арбитражный Суд Российской Федерации
- Заявление какой-либо стороны в суде общей юрисдикции (возбуждение специального иска) при рассмотрении в суде уголовного, гражданского, иного дела
- Единой централизованной системой судов во главе с верховным судом
- Решение наиболее важных вопросов государственной жизни страны
- b)is the study of sound in speech.
- d) Grimm's Law (or the First Sound Shift) doesn’t help to explain the consonant changes from P-I-E to Germanic.
- d) Verner was a famous German linguist.
- d) loss of consonants in certain positions.
- d) Vowels in Middle English were not similar to those of Old English.
- c) Consonants of Middle English were not similar to those of Present Day.
- d)final -n in many verbal forms wasn’t lost, e.g. OE cuman > Modern English come (the n remains in some past participles of strong verbs: seen, gone, taken).
- d) There were six diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.
- Histotical grammar of the English language
- c) Anomalous verbs were met very rarely in the texts.
- b) ME verbs added a new type of verb, phrasal verbs.
- d) the alternate verb forms' coexistence.
- and þæt wīf "the woman/wife" was neuter.
- Table. Examples of noun declension in EModE
- d) The adjective in OE had the following categories: two numbers;
- a) the weak adjective declension;
- b) min, myn , thin, thyn/thy, hir, hire;
- b) þonne (then), þæ'r (there), þider (thither), nú (now), hér (here), hider (hither);
- d) wide (widely), déope (deeply), fæste (fast), hearde (hard).
- d) Numerals from 20 to 100 were formed by placing tens first, and then units.
- b) addition of the Scandinavian borrowing ‘millioun’;
- a) They often come after their "object" and must be named postpositions.
- b) double negatives are not acceptable;
- Development of English vocabulary and word-formation
- b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.
- b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);
- d) mynet (mint – Lat. moneta), pund (pound – Lat. pondo), ynce (ounce– Lat. uncial).
- d) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc.
- d) West Saxon.. d) West Saxon.. b) Latin;. a) woolen cloth;. c) in the Battle of Hastings;. a) Bayeux tapestry;. a) the Bayeux tapestry;
- a) It is a unique and extraordinary document to reflect this episode of French history.
- a) Middle English, pilgrims, Canterbury Cathedral;
- a) During ME church literature was in Latin, chivalric poetry was for the most part in French while folklore continued to develop in Anglo-Saxon.
- c) the weakening of social ties between the various regions;
- d) the introduction of Christianity.
- a) The British monopolized the trade with India.
- a) the dialect of London, Cockney;
b) 1, 2; 2,3; 3,1; 4,4;
c) 1, 5; 2,2; 3,4; 4,1;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4.
Table
1.
In Early ME the long OE [a:] was narrowed to [o:].
1.
e.g. OE dæз > ME day [dai].
2.
The short OE [æ] was replaced in ME by the back vowel [a]
2.
e.g. OE stān – ME (Northern) stan(e), (other dialects) stoon, stone – NE stone.
3.
In Early ME the sounds [j] and [γ] between and after vowels changed into [i] and [u] and formed diphthongs together with the preceding vowels
3.
e.g. OE þǽt > ME that [Өat] > NE that.
4.
In ME the glide -udeveloped from the other source as well OE [w].
4.
OE snāw became ME snow [snou].
32. Match phonological changes in the period of Middle English with the examples Table 4. Choose the correct variant.
a) 1, 3; 2,2; 3,4; 4,2;
b) 1, 2; 2,3; 3,1; 4,4;
c) 1, 3; 2,2; 3,1; 4,4;
d) 1, 5; 2,1; 3,2; 4,4.
Table 4
1.
h lost in clusters
1.
e.g. OE hlaford, hlæfdige, heafod, hæfde >ME lord, ladi, hed, hadde ("lord," "lady," "head," "had") (sometimes retained: OE heofon, hræfn, dreflian > "heaven," "raven," "drivel")
2.
g became w after l and r:
2.
e.g. OE swelgan > ME swolwen ("swallow"), OE feolaga > ME felawe ("fellow"), OE morgen > ME morwen ("morning"), OE sorg > ME sorow ("sorrow").
3.
fricative f/v tended to drop out before consonant+consonant or vowel+consonant
3.
e.g. OE hlæfdige > ME ladi ("lady"), OE hnecca > ME necke ("neck"), OE hræfn > ME raven.
4.
OE prefix ge- lost initial consonant and was reduced to y or i:
4.
e.g. OE genog > ME inough ("enough").
33. Choose the incorrect answer.
a) In the history of the English language the consonants were far more stable than the vowels.
b) Such consonants as [t], [d], [n], [l],[m],[k] have not been subjected to any alteration in ME.
d) loss of long consonants (OE mann > ME man).
34. Choose the incorrect answer.
a) There was no [ ŋ ] as in hung (velar nasal) and [ 3 ] as in measure in ME.
b) Phonemic voiced fricatives [v], [z],[ð] were added in ME period.
c) In ME unstressed final consonants tended to be lost after a vowel: OE ic > ME i, OE -lic > ME -ly (e.g. OE rihtlice > ME rihtly ("rightly").
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