b)is the study of sound in speech.
Содержание книги
- Бундестагом и Бундесратом поровну
- Общественные отношения, урегулированные нормами
- Демократический и авторитарный
- многопартийные, двухпартийные и однопартийные
- нормативные акты, относящиеся к предмету
- полутотаритарный режим с некоторыми внешними чертами демократических институтов, режим с ограниченной многопартийностью, режим с безраздельным господством исполнительной власти
- Решение наиболее важных вопросов государственной жизни страны
- законодательный орган Германии
- Государственную измену при исполнении своих обязанностей
- поступление на службу к иностранному государству
- Конституционный Суд, Верховный Суд Российской Федерации, Высший Арбитражный Суд Российской Федерации
- Заявление какой-либо стороны в суде общей юрисдикции (возбуждение специального иска) при рассмотрении в суде уголовного, гражданского, иного дела
- Единой централизованной системой судов во главе с верховным судом
- Решение наиболее важных вопросов государственной жизни страны
- b)is the study of sound in speech.
- d) Grimm's Law (or the First Sound Shift) doesn’t help to explain the consonant changes from P-I-E to Germanic.
- d) Verner was a famous German linguist.
- d) loss of consonants in certain positions.
- d) Vowels in Middle English were not similar to those of Old English.
- c) Consonants of Middle English were not similar to those of Present Day.
- d)final -n in many verbal forms wasn’t lost, e.g. OE cuman > Modern English come (the n remains in some past participles of strong verbs: seen, gone, taken).
- d) There were six diphthong phonemes in late Middle English.
- Histotical grammar of the English language
- c) Anomalous verbs were met very rarely in the texts.
- b) ME verbs added a new type of verb, phrasal verbs.
- d) the alternate verb forms' coexistence.
- and þæt wīf "the woman/wife" was neuter.
- Table. Examples of noun declension in EModE
- d) The adjective in OE had the following categories: two numbers;
- a) the weak adjective declension;
- b) min, myn , thin, thyn/thy, hir, hire;
- b) þonne (then), þæ'r (there), þider (thither), nú (now), hér (here), hider (hither);
- d) wide (widely), déope (deeply), fæste (fast), hearde (hard).
- d) Numerals from 20 to 100 were formed by placing tens first, and then units.
- b) addition of the Scandinavian borrowing ‘millioun’;
- a) They often come after their "object" and must be named postpositions.
- b) double negatives are not acceptable;
- Development of English vocabulary and word-formation
- b) A word which belongs to the common IE layer and constitutes the oldest part of the OE vocabulary.
- b) hond (hand), hors (horse),eorðe(earth), land (land), sand (sand), sǣ (sea);
- d) mynet (mint – Lat. moneta), pund (pound – Lat. pondo), ynce (ounce– Lat. uncial).
- d) dēādlic, frēōndlic, ʒēarlīc.
- d) West Saxon.. d) West Saxon.. b) Latin;. a) woolen cloth;. c) in the Battle of Hastings;. a) Bayeux tapestry;. a) the Bayeux tapestry;
- a) It is a unique and extraordinary document to reflect this episode of French history.
- a) Middle English, pilgrims, Canterbury Cathedral;
- a) During ME church literature was in Latin, chivalric poetry was for the most part in French while folklore continued to develop in Anglo-Saxon.
- c) the weakening of social ties between the various regions;
- d) the introduction of Christianity.
- a) The British monopolized the trade with India.
- a) the dialect of London, Cockney;
Appendix 1
Sample tests
ENGLISH PHONOLOGY
1. Choose the incorrect letter.
Phonology
a)is the study (and use) of sound patterns to create meaning.
b)is the study of sound in speech.
c)includes comparative linguistic studies.
d) relies on phonetic information for its practice.
2. Choose the correct letter.
The system of vowels in Old English
a)included eight short vowels (monophthongs) (according to other sources 7) and seven long vowels.
b)included nine short vowels and nine long vowels.
c)included ten short vowels and ten long vowels.
d)included six short vowels and six long vowels.
3. What phenomenon in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
ᵹod (god) - ᵹ ō d (good)
west (west) – w ē st (waste)
a)The length of the vowel in OE was a phonemic quality. The words having long and short vowels differed in meaning.
b)The length of the vowel in Middle English was a phonemic quality. The words having long and short vowels differed in meaning.
c)The length of the vowel in New English was a phonemic quality. The words having long and short vowels differed in meaning.
d) The length of the vowel in Early New English was a phonemic quality. The words having long and short vowels differed in meaning.
4) What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
hard > heard (hard)
arm > earm (arm)
a)breaking of vowels;
b) umlaut of vowelsi/j mutation;
c) diphthongization of vowels;
d) back (velar) mutation.
5) What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
sandian – sendan (to send)
namnian – nemnan (to name)
a)breaking of vowels;
b) umlaut of vowels i/j mutation;
c) diphthongization of vowels;
d) back (velar) mutation.
6) What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
skal- sceal (shall)
skāggwon - scēawian (to show)
a)breaking of vowels;
b)umlaut of vowels i/j mutation;
c) diphthongization of vowels;
d) back (velar) mutation.
7) What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
i > io hira– hiora (their)
silufr – siolufr (silver)
a)breaking of vowels;
b)umlaut of vowels i/j mutation;
c) diphthongization of vowels;
d) back (velar) mutation.
8) What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
naht – neaht-niht-nieht – nyht
a)breaking of vowels;
b)umlaut of vowels i/j mutation;
c) diphthongization of vowels;
d)mutation before h.
9) What process in OE do these examples illustrate? Choose the correct answer.
a + h+ vowel > ēa slahan – slēan (slay)
e + h+ vowel > ēo sehen-sēon (see)
i + h+ vowel > ēo tihan- tēon (accuse)
o + h+ vowel > ō fohan-fōn (catch)
a)breaking of vowels;
b)umlaut of vowels i/j mutation;
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