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This book will be read with great interest by all of us. 2. The thoracic cavity was examined by X-rays. 3. Artificial joints were used by the surgeon.
Содержание книги
- Make, care, student, girl, person, got, arm, but, home, like, pure, help, form.
- Some students live at the hostel, others - with their relatives. Many students get stipends. If a student has “fives” in all the subjects at the entrance examinations he gets an increased stipend.
- Is your brother an adult? 2. Had you entrance examinations in September? 3. Do you get an increased stipend? 4. Will you become a doctor next year? 5. Have you relatives in Moscow?
- Первое сентября, первого сентября; второе августа, второго августа; десятое января, десятого января.
- Plaster, complete, polyclinic, general, gain, young, city, afternoon, main, they, X-ray, vein, yesterday, master, last.
- Talk, salt, fall, chalk, all, small, call, hall, also.
- It is cold today. Сегодня холодно . It was difficult. Было трудно . It will be warm. Будет тепло.
- Consultation, occlusion, attention, commission, session, occupation, obstruction.
- Must the students work during the whole term? 2. He could not enter the Institute last year. 3. Can he become a good therapeutist? 4. May this remedy do you harm?
- XVIII. Explain the pronunciation of the letter combinations in bold type: thousand, which, with, them, chart, phase, show, chill.
- Learn, earth, earn, research, heard.
- The long pens are on the table. Длинные ручки на столе.
- Our classes usually begin at 8.30 a.m. In addition to several practical classes we have a lecture or two every day.
- They are not carrying out они не проводят опыт сейчас .
- Are the doctors fighting for the life of this patient? 2. Who is fighting for the life of this patient? 3. What are the doctors doing? 4. What are the doctors fighting for?
- We are first-year students. We- perform operations (cannot, may).
- Leave, last, tooth, teeth, circle, yellow, chair, appear, prepare, pure, while, whole, early, become, want, chest, short.
- Нам дают книги. 2. Мне часто задают много вопросов.
- The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.
- To call, brain, eyeball, nose, cavity, to compose, to consist of, joint, on each side, trunk, neck, breastbone, to separate.
- The student is asked many questions at the lesson. The student asked many questions at the lesson.
- This book will be read with great interest by all of us. 2. The thoracic cavity was examined by X-rays. 3. Artificial joints were used by the surgeon.
- Their work helped to establish that the muscles were the active agents of motion ( движение ) and contraction.
- IV. 1. Прочтите текст G. 2. О чем говорится в каждом абзаце?
- My friend is greatly excited because his son has the disease of the coxofemoral joints. The boy cannot walk and must be in bed.
- Road, moan, soap, load, foam, soak, throat.
- The muscular structure of the heart consists of two parts - the muscular layers of the atria and the muscular layers of the ventricles.
- The aorta- from the upper part of the left ventricle. 2. The shape of the vessels- when they dilate. 3. The right lung is- than the left one. 4. The lungs are- with the pleura.
- Эта экспериментальная работа будет проведена на будущей неделе. 2. Эти данные применяются на практике. 3. Меня будут обследовать несколько врачей. 4. В пятницу нам читали лекцию поанатомии.
- Text E. The Alimentary Tract
- В Москве издается много медицинских журналов. (many, published, journals, Moscow, are, in, medical)
- The blood (to carry) to the liver passes through the portal vein.
- XVI. Read and translate Text H.
- At the rate of, per minute (day), to depend on (upon), on physical exertion, to discharge from the hospital, to discharge out bile, to pump blood through arteries, to be followed by.
- The rate of heart contractions is regulated by two groups of nerve fibers. It varies in different persons and at different age.
- В норме сердце бьется со скоростью 60-70 ударов в минуту.
- Text С . The Corpuscular Elements of Blood
- XVIII. Read Text D and say what data important for a future doctor are given in it. What will you try to remember?
- It was estimated that blood was a fluid tissue.
- На заседании кафедры он доложил о результатах своих опытов.
- W. Harvey found out the heart changed its colour during the contractions.
- The methods of investigation the scientist had included in his research helped him to determine the origin of the pulmonary disease. 4. The faculty my brother is in trains pediatricians.
- M. Sechenov investigated blood gases in 1858. И. М. Сеченов исследовал газы крови в 1858 году.
- The new methods of research had been included into my work. 2. The course of treatment has been prolonged. 3. The structure of the pancreas will have been described in the new book.
- Не may examine the patient. 2. He may be examining the patient now.
- Для этой цели; 2) полный покой; 3) распространяется по коре головного мозга; 4) имеет большое защитное значение для; 5) глубокий спокойный сон; 6) жизнедеятельность.
- Different actions which are repeated every day before going to bed also act as stimuli which produce the process of inhibition.
- XI. Переведите текст E. Расскажите о кровеносных сосудах и дайте обоснование их роли в организме человека.
- Грамматика: заменители модальных глаголов. Способы выражения долженствования. Производные местоимения: some, any, no, every. Случаи употребления глаголов to be, to have.
- One can impair the health if one does not sleep for along period of time.
The bones of the skull are connected together very firmly.
VII. Обратите внимание на перевод сказуемого в дополнительных придаточных предложениях. Ответьте на вопросы:
My friend said that he lived Мой друг сказал, что он живет in Radio street. на улице Радио.
1*. Совпадает ли время сказуемого в английском и русском главных предложениях? 2*. В каком времени стоит сказуемое в английском и русском дополнительных придаточных предложениях? 3. Каким временем нужно переводить сказуемое дополнительного придаточного предложения, если сказуемое главного стоит в Past Indefinite? Какому правилу подчиняется употребление времен в придаточных дополнительных предложениях?
VIII. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. We learned that the lower extremity consisted of the thigh, leg, and foot. 2. The doctor saw that the patient̓s eyes were reddened (покрасневшие). 3. Не knew that I studied at the Medical Institute.
IX. Запомните чтение следующих слов:
universal [,ju:ni'v3:sl] универсальный, общий fiber ['faibə] волокно cell [sel] клетка agent ['eieənt] агент; фактор; возбудитель
X. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:
muscle ['mAsl] n мышца; radiated muscle веерообразная мышца
establish [i'stfbliʃ] v устанавливать
introduce [,intrə'dju:s] v вводить
change [teine] v изменять(ся), менять(ся); п изменение
weight [weit] n вес
divide [di'vaid] v делить, разделять
wide [waid] а широкий
direction [di'rekʃ'n] n направление; указание (на выполнение чего-л.)
tissue ['tisju:] n ткань; connective tissue соединительная ткань
vessel ['vesl] n сосуд
blood [blAd] n кровь
find [faind] (found, found [fa υ nd]) v находить; to find out обнаруживать
determine [di't3:min] v определять; устанавливать
contraction [kən'trfkʃ'n] n сокращение
XI. Прочтите и переведите:
а) словосочетания:
1) the contraction of muscles; 2) the blood vessel wall; 3) the body weight; 4) connective tissue cells; 5) to determine the blood group; 6) a rapid change; 7) to divide into groups; 8) according to the structure;
б) предложения с выделенными словами:
Please find the pulmonary artery in this picture. 2. The scientists found that blood had vitamins. 3. I.M. Sechenov is the founder of Russian physiology. 4. The first Russian university was founded by M.V. Lomonosov.
It was found out that when a person died his body continued to live for some time.
XII. 1. Прочтите текст Е. 2. Напишите план текста. 3. Найдите: а) инфинитивы, определите их функции и переведите предложения; б) предложения на правила согласования времен и переведите их.
Text E. The Lecture on Muscles
Yesterday the students of our group came to the Institute to listen to a lecture on muscles. The lecture was attended by all of us. The lecture was delivered by Prof. Smirnov. To listen to it was very interesting. Prof. Smirnov was the first to tell us about the anatomical terms.
The names of all the muscles in the body and all other anatomical terms were established at three с ongresses in Basel ['bazəl], Jena ['jeina] and Paris. In 1895 the Basel Nomina Anatomica ¹ was introduced; in 1935 it was greatly changed at the Congress of Anatomists in Jena. But the anatomical terms which were established at that Congress were not used in the USSR. In 1955 the IV International Federal Congress of Anatomists in Paris established new universal anatomical terms, the so-called Paris Nomina Anatomica.
In his lecture Prof. Smirnov said that the body was composed of about 600 skeletal muscles. The students learned that in the adult about 35-40% (per cent) of the body weight was formed by the muscles. According to the basic parts of the skeleton all the muscles were divided into the muscles of the trunk, bead, and extremities.
When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the form of the muscles he said that all the muscles were divided into three basic groups: long, short and wide muscles; the free extremities were formed by the long muscles; wide muscles lay on the trunk; the walls of the body cavities were formed by wide muscles.
Some muscles were called according to the structure of their fibers, for example radiated muscles; others according to their uses, for example extensors (разгибающие мышцы), or according to their direction, for example oblique (косая).
When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the structure of the muscles he said that the muscles were formed by a mass of muscle cells, the muscular fibers were connected together by connective tissue, the blood vessels and the nerves were in the muscles.
Great research work was carried out by many scientists to determine the functions of the muscles. Three basic methods of study were used: experimental work on animals, the study of the muscles on a living human body and on the corpse.
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