Participial adjectives: -ED vs. -ING

↑

▷ Содержание

⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 18 из 34Следующая ⇒

Types of comparison

things are equal:

so + adjective +as

e.g. This assignment is as complicated as that one.

things are less:

not + as/so + adjective (positive degree) + as

e.g. This branch is not so large as yours.

less + adjective (positive degree) + than

              e.g. They have delivered less comfortable swivel chair.

not enough + adjective (positive degree)

e.g. These products are not enough cheap to encourage customers to purchase them.

things are more:

more +adjective (positive degree) + than

              e.g. This was more expensive purchase.

THE ADVERB

The adverb points out some characteristic features of a verb, adjective or another adverb. It answers the next questions: when?, how?, where?, how often?

Most adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective:

e.g. clear (adjective) – clear+ly (adverb)

angry – angr_y  → i+ly

simple – simpl_e+y, BUT: wise – wisely, sole–solely

careful – careful+ly, energetic – energetically, BUT: public – publicly

Adverbs as well as adjectives have degrees of comparison. Many of them make comparatives and superlatives like adjectives.

    e.g. hard – harder – the hardest

    wisely – more wisely – the most wisely

KEEP IN MIND: Some adverbs have irregular forms of comparison:

Well – better – the best

Badly – worse – the worst

Much – more – the most

                                  Little – less – the least

Adverbs use the same comparative structures as adjectives.

    e.g We need to get this done as quickly as possible. 

                If it’s less than a million dollars then you need to change the route.

Adverb position

how? → where? → when?

e.g. The conference will be held suddenly (HOW?) in the headquarters (WHERE?) in a fortnight (WHEN?).

Some adverbs and adjectives have the same form, common examples of these are: late, early, fast, hard, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly.

KEEP IN MIND: common adverbs from the samebasehave different meanings:

    hard means “with a great deal of effort”     

    hardly means “almost not, scarcely”

              e.g. They can hardly carry out this market survey.

                They work hard to break into the market.

    late means “after the expected, proper time”

    lately means “recently”

              e.g. They haven’t sent us any financial reports lately.

              We arrived late because of bad weather.

    direct means “without stopping or changing direction”

    directly means “very soon”

              e.g. We will fly direct from Heathrow to Borispol.

              They should be here directly.

    deep means “to a great depth”

    deeply means “thoroughly”

              e.g. We talked deep into the night.

They think deeplyabout what their customers want.

The present participle (V+ing)  and past participle (V+ed) can be used as adjectives.

The present participle shows the cause of the feeling.

    e.g. His giving such a question was really embarrassing.

The past participle shows how a person feels.

    e.g. She was really embarrassed.

practice file

Познавательные статьи:



Техника нижней прямой подачи мяча

Комплекс физических упражнений для развития мышц плечевого пояса

Стандарт Порядок надевания противочумного костюма

Общеразвивающие упражнения без предметов