er (clever)                         clever+er                           the clever+est 


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er (clever)                         clever+er                           the clever+est

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The adjective. The adverb.

 

THE ADJECTIVE

Adjectives are words describing nouns. Adjectives have positive, comparative and superlative forms.

 

Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives are made in the following ways:

Positive                             Comparative                     Superlative

ONE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

                                      adjective +er (than)           the adjective +est

 cheap                                cheaper                              the cheapest

                                         

ending in a vowel +                              the last consonant is doubled:

consonant (hot)                  hot +t+er                           thehot+t+est

                                                                 never write W, X twice:

new                                    new+er                              the new+est

                                                                 (NOT: newwer)

ending in a                                            y is changed into i:

consonant +y (dry)            dryi+er                          the dryi+est

ending in mute -e                                  omit final -e:

(late)                                  late +er                             the late +est

TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES ENDING IN:

-er (clever)                         clever+er                           the clever+est

-ow (narrow)                     narrow+er                         thenarrow+est

-y (busy)                            busy→i+er                         the busy→i+est

-le (noble)                          noble+er                             the noble+est

 

TWO / THREE / FOUR-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

profitable                           more +adjective                 the most +adjective 

                                          more profitable                  the most profitable

                                          (NOT: profitabler)             (NOT: profitablest)

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

good                                  better                                 the best

bad                                    worse                                          the worst

old                                     older                                           the oldest

                                                             (the age of things)

                                          elder                                  the eldest

                                                             (people’s age I a family)

                                          e.g. My elder brother is a vet.

                                          BUT: My cousin is two years older than I am.

                                          This is the oldestbuilding in our city.

far                                      farther                               the farthest

                                          (identifies the distance)

                                          further                               the furthest

                                                             (means “additional”)

                                          e.g. If you need furtherinformation, contact us.

                                          Paris is fartherthan Warsaw.

 

KEEP IN MIND:some adjectives have no degrees of comparison:

gradable, ungradable, priceless, incredible, dead, unique, adjectives defining colours.

 

The order of adjectives

opinion + size + quality + age + shape + colour + participles + origin + material + type + purpose

Keep in mind: Not more than three or four adjectives are used before a noun.

 

Adjectives are used in front of nouns, whereas adverbs define verbs and are used after them.

e.g. She is a diligentemployee. (adjective)

     She works diligently. (adverb)

 

Adjectives are used instead of adverbs with some verbs:

to feel, to smell, to look, to sound, to taste, to appear, to seem, to be, to get, become:

    e.g. I feel good. (NOT: well)

 



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