Education in the Russian Federation
After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lycee or a gymnasium one can go on in
higher education. All applicants must take competitive entrance examinations. Higher education
institutions, that is, institutes or universities, offer a 4-year programme of academic subjects for
undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a post graduate course. If one finishes a post
graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidate’s degree or a doctoral degree.
Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Prorectors are in charge of academic
and scientific work. Each institute or university has a number of faculties, specializing in a
certain field of study. The faculties are headed by the Deans. There are departments within the
The system of secondary and higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period.
The main objectives of the reform are: to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a
new financial mechanism, to give more academic freedoms to faculties and students. All
secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have been funded by the state. Now
there is quite a number of private fee-paying primary and secondary schools; some universities
have fee-paying departments.
In terms of the ratio of students to the total population Russia ranks among the top ten countries
The Russian educational policy is a combination of economic and social objectives. An educated
person contributes more to the society, and education on the other hand gives a person the
prospect for professional advance.
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