yathendriyaiḥ pṛthag-dvārair

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yathendriyaiḥ pṛthag-dvārair

artho bahu-guṇāśrayaḥ

eko nāneyate tadvad

bhagavān śāstra-vartmabhiḥ

Just as one object, the substrate of many qualities, is perceived by the various senses in various ways, so Bhagavān is perceived variously by the various scriptural practices.

The Lord is not only realized by jñāna and bhakti. Because he has infinite powers, the Lord is realized by all sādhanas. An example is given. One substance like milk, the reservoir of many qualities like form and taste, is perceived in various ways by various senses operating on different paths (pṛthag-dvāraiḥ). By the eye, milk is perceived to be white, and by the tongue it is perceived as sweet. By touch it is cool, by the nose it is perceived as fragrant. By the ear, it is defined as milk. One by one, each perceivable quality is perceived by its particular sense, and not by other senses. It is realized as a possessor of a certain quality by that particular sense, and not as milk itself. But it is perceived by the king of senses, the mind, as something possessing all the qualities. “This substance is giving pleasure, satisfaction, white, sweet, cool, fragrant and is called milk.” Similarly, one portion of the Lord is perceived by karma, jñāna and other scriptural processes (śāstra-vartmabhiḥ), as the Lord who gives Svarga or as the ātmā or Brahman who gives liberation, since the Lord is also the form of Svarga and liberation. But by bhakti, the chief sādhana, Bhagavān, the object of prema, who includes all the other forms and who gives all results, is realized. This is explained by consulting Laghu-bhāgavatāmṛta (1.5.201-205).

yathā rūpa-rasādīnāṁ guṇānām āśrayaḥ sadā |

kṣīrādir eka evārtho jñāyate bahudhendriyaiḥ ||201||

dṛśā śuklo rasanayā madhuro bhagavāṁs tathā |

upāsanābhir bahudhā sa eko’pi pratīyate ||202||

Just as one substance such as milk is the shelter of many qualities such as form and taste as perceived through various external senses, such as white color by the eye and sweet by the tongue, so Bhagavān though one entity appears as many different forms according to the type of worship.

jihvayaiva yathā grāhyaṁ mādhuryaṁ tasya nāparaiḥ |

yathā cakṣur-ādīni gṛhṇanty arthaṁ nijaṁ nijam ||203||

tathānyā bāhya-karaṇa-sthānīyopāsanākhilā |

bhaktis tu cetaḥ sthānīyā tat tat sarvārtha-lābhataḥ ||204||

As the tongue alone and no other sense can perceive the sweet taste and as the eye or any other senses can perceive its specific sense object, so the different types of worship depending on the external senses perceive limited aspects of the Lord, and bhakti depending on the mind perceives all qualities in the Lord

iti pravara-śāstreṣu tasya brahma-svarūpataḥ |

mādhuryādi-guṇādhikyāt kṛṣṇasya śreṣṭhatocyate ||205||

Thus the best of scriptures explain the superiority of Kṛṣna over the Brahman aspect of Kṛṣna because of his full manifestation of qualities such as sweetness.

|| 3.32.34-36 ||

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