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15. Прочтите внимательно текст. Составьте на английском языке план текста, выделив основные его темы. План можно составить в вопросной, назывной или тезисной форме. Познакомьтесь с образцами планов, представ­ленными после текста; сравните со своим планом.

MEMORY

It is interesting to note that memory, one of the basic com­ponents of the computer, is often called storage. It stores cal­culation program, the calculation formulae, initial data, inter­mediate and final results. Therefore, the functions of the computer memory may be classified in the following way. Firstly, the computer memory must store the information transmitted from the input and other devices. Secondly, memory should produce the information needed for the computation process to all other devices of the computer.

Generally, memory consists of two main parts called the main, primary or internal, memory and the secondary, or ex­ternal memory. The advantage of the primary memory is an extremely high speed. The secondary memory has a compara­tively low speed, but it is capable of storing far greater amount of information than the main memory. The primary storage takes a direct part in the computational process. The second­ary storage provides the information necessary for a single step in the sequence of computation steps.

The most important performance characteristics of a stor­age unit are speed, capacity and reliability. Its speed is measured in cycle time. Its capacity is measured by the number of ma­chine words or binary digits. Its reliability is measured by the number of failures (отказ) per unit of time.

План в вопросной форме.

1. What is memory? 2. What is the function of memory? 3. What are the main parts of memory?

4. What are advantages and disadvantages of a storage unit? 5. What are their functions?

6. What are performance characteristics of the main and secondary memory?

7. What units are performance characteristics measured by?

План в назывной форме

1. The definition of memory. 2. The main functions of memory. 3. Classification of memory.

4. Advantages and disadvantages of memory components. 5. The functions of memory components.

6. Performance characteristics of memory. 7. The units for measuring the performance characteristics of memory.

План в тезисной форме.

1. Memory is one of the basic components of the comput­er.

2. Memory stores initial data, intermediate and final results.

3. It produces the information needed to other devices of the computer.

4. Memory consists of the main (internal) and the second­ary (external) storage.

5. The main memory has high speed, but small capacity; the secondary memory possesses lower speed but greater ca­pacity.

6. The main memory performs computation; the secondary memory provides information sequentially, step by step.

7. The performance characteristics — speed, capacity and reliability — are measured by cycles, binary digits and the number of failures per unit of time.

TESTS

1. The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data in the storage device is called the data______time.

a) sequence; b) access; c) value

2.______memories have no moving parts.

a) electronic; b) mechanical; c) electromechanical

3. Magnetic_______were the main elements used for pri­mary memory in digital computers for many years, a) cores; b) tapes; c) disks

4. ____is more commonly used for memory at present.

a) bipolar semiconductor; b) MOS; c) field-effect tran­sistor

5. Magnetic disks constitute the______storage media.

a) internal; b) primary; c) secondary

6. Data are stored in______codes in primary as well as in

secondary storage.

a) digital; b) binary; c) numerical

7. Data access time is______in electronic memories than

that in electromechanical memories.

a) longer; b) much longer; c) shorter

8. Electronic memories have______capacities for data stor-

age.

a) more; b) larger; c) less

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