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intricate ['intnkit] — сложный, запутанный.

electronic circuit [abkt'romk 'sakit] — электронная цепь, схема

to operate switches [эрэ'геп 'switfiz] — приводить в дей­ствие переключатели

to store numbers ['sty. 'плтЬэг] — запоминать числа

to manipulate [ma'nipjuleit] — управлять; обращаться; преобразовывать

to input / to feed in — вводить (информацию)

to turn on = to switch on — включать

to turn off = to switch off — выключать

to process data [prou'ses 'deita] — обрабатывать данные

to supply [sa'plai] — подавать, вводить, снабжать, обес­печивать

addition [a'difn] — сложение

subtraction [sAb'traekfn] — вычитание

division [di'vi3n] — деление multiplication ['nultipli'keifn] — умножение

exponentiation [ekspa'nenfi'eifn] — возведение в степень

user ['ju:za] — пользователь

input device ['input di'vais] — устройство ввода

disk drive ['disk 'draiv] — дисковое запоминающее уст­ройство, дисковод

tape drive ['teip 'draiv] — запоминающее устройство на магнитной ленте

cathode-ray tube ['kasGad rei 'tju:b] — электроннолучевая трубка

to make decisions — принимать решения

instantaneously [,mst3n'temjdsli] — мгновенно, немедлен­но

7. Прочтите текст 2 и скажите, что такое компьютер и каковы его основные функции.

Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec­tronic circuit! tjiat operate switches or magnetize tiny metal ' cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag­netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).

The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma­chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne­tize the cores.

The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput­ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.

It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow­ers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.           

First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op­erations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.

Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn't feed information in and get results ' back, these machines wouldn't be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter­minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.

Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win the war between two coun­tries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortu­nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?

A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou­sands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.

A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan­taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.

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