Presenting research results at a conference is more preferable than publishing them in a journal as

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a) more people will learn about your achievements.

b) they can be critically evaluated by other scientists.

c) it will take less time.

Participating in conferences is of importance

a) for any scientist.

b) for postgraduates and postdocs.

c) for students.

Scientific conferences

a) are classified depending on the age of participants.

b) fall into 2 categories: national and international.

c) are divided into 3 types: themed conferences, general conferences and professional conferences.

Conferences

a) are sponsored by industrial companies interested in advertising their equipment.

b) are funded by research funding agencies and the host institute’s university and are sponsored by different companies.

c) organizers get money fro research funding agencies.

Scientific conferences

a) are usually held during one week.

b) do not last long: usually 2-3 days.

c) can last from several days to a week.

Conference organizers invite their colleagues to participate in their conference and ask them

a) to submit abstracts of their reports.

b) to sum up their research results and present them in the form of a report.

c) to present the major findings from their work.

Researchers

a) present their results in oral reports.

b) report on their results in one of two possible formats: oral or poster.

c) usually choose posters for presenting their chief results.

A poster session

a) is organized only at professional conferences.

b) allows conference participants to discuss their research results in private.

c) is one of the ways of presenting research information.

2. Answer the following questions. Give your arguments.

1. What is a conference?

2. Why are conferences organized?

3. What is more preferable: to present one’s research results at a conference or publish them in a journal? Why?

4. Why is it important for scientists to take part in conferences?

5. What are the main types of conferences?

6. How often are conferences held?

7. How is funding for conferences realized?

8. What is the usual schedule of a conference?

9. What are prospective participants supposed to do when they have received an invitation to take part in a conference?

10. What is an abstract?

11. Who usually chooses what format the presentation will be: organizers or attendees?

12. What are two possible ways of presenting one’s research results?

13. Which one would you prefer if you were to take part in a conference?

3. Find the sentences that contradict the information given in the text and correct them.

1. Scientific conferences are held for researchers to socialize and get to know new colleagues.

2. Conferences provide essential conditions for discussing new data.

3. Conference organizers usually publish a special book of conference proceedings where the most important abstracts are given.

4. Invited speakers are prominent scientists who have contributed much to the development of a certain field of knowledge.

5. Participants of professional conferences are usually academics who discuss academically related problems.

6. Many conferences are often organized by the same host institute.

7. A conference often starts with a welcoming address of the conference chairman.

8. Prospective participants of a conference submit their reports to the conference organizers.

9. An abstract is usually a short and concise summary of the work done.

10. The conference organizers themselves choose the future format of presentations – oral or poster.

11. Invited speakers’ reports are often lengthy and they are followed by 20-minute discussions.

12. The number of posters is usually limited: one contribution per participant is allowed.

4. The sentences below sum up the main facts of the text but they are jumbled. Put them in the proper order.

1. Presentations at conferences may be in either of the two formats: oral or poster.

2. There are three types of conferences: professional, themed and general.

3. A scientific conference is a gathering of scientists of some field of knowledge at which scientists learn about the latest achievements, present their research results and discuss them.

4. Participants of poster sessions have the opportunity of discussing their research results one on one.

5. Conference participants are supposed to submit abstract of their reports.

6. Conference participation and publications in journals are of great significance for scientists.

7..Most of the time at conferences is devoted to talks and discussions.

8. Invited speakers usually make oral reports that can last up to 45 minutes.

9. Conferences are funded by research funding agencies and sponsored by different companies.

Vocabulary work

1. Write words for their definitions. The initial letters of these words will help you to fulfill the task.

a. d … talk for the purpose of examining and arguing about a subject;

b. r … process of reaching conclusions by using one’s reason;

c. c … meeting for discussion; exchange of opinions;

d. a … list of things to be done, or a list of questions/problems to be discussed, e.g. by a committee;

e. p … person who takes part in something;

f. s … person who makes speeches;

g. w … section sessions, seminars.

h. r.... f … sum of money a participant pays to register at a conference;

i. c … person presiding at a meeting.

2. (A). Match synonyms.

(B). Choose appropriate words from the box above and use them in suitable forms in the sentences to follow.

1. The meeting will be well ….

2. She has just received a letter of ….

3. They … in several conferences last year.

4. The chairman … the next speaker.

5. The conference was … by the BSU.

6. Her … proved to be true.

7. He made every effort to … to the job that he had.

8. This wet weather … persistent backache.

3. (A). Choose suitable verbs from the box and use them in word combinations with the following nouns: conference, auspices, paper, opinions, report.

(B). Fill in the blanks using suitable word combinations from the previous exercise. (Sometimes more than one expression is possible).

1. Our university will … … of young researchers next month.

2. He … … two … this year.

3. Their meeting will … … of the World Peace Council.

4. If you want to … … in our …, you have to … ….

5. All participants have to … … in English as the working language of our conference is English.

6. He is an intelligent person, he can … … on any question.

7. Conferences are very important as scientists have the opportunity to … … on problems that are of interest to them.

4. (A). Match the nouns on the left with suitable adjectives on the right.

(B). Use some expressions from the previous exercise to complete the following sentences. (Sometimes more than one word combination is possible).

1. Her … … produced a profound impression on her colleagues.

2. … … into Russian will be arranged for users of the Russian language.

3. Our organizing committee will send the so-called … … to all the establishments concerned.

4. An … … of young researchers will be held in Grodno.

5. The … … was of particular interest as the most important problems were discussed there.

6. Participants of a conference are usually aware of its … ….

7. In his … … the chairman of the conference named the most notable achievements in biology.

5. Fill in the blanks using appropriate words from the box.

1. The organizing committee sent the preliminary … to all the establishments concerned

2. Papers should be … in Word Perfect Format.

3. We’ll send you a letter of … or … within 2 weeks.

4. Conference … will have been published by the end of this year.

5. The conference … will be sent to you by the ….

6. The … of the conference is English, but … translation will be arranged for users of other languages.

7. The so-called preliminary announcement usually supplies all conference participants with general information about orders of …, requirements to submitted abstracts, etc.

6. Replace the word(s) in italics with a suitable word(s) from the box. Use each word once.

1. The best papers presented will be eligible for inclusion in the Management and Business Review.

2. As the representative of our Organizing Committee I have the pleasure of inviting you to attend the international Conference on Sustainable Development.

3. We look forward to your participation in our conference.

4. We would like to have a definite answer by the above-mentioned cut-off date.

5. No conference fee is required for invited speakers.

6. I believe you will be provided with ample opportunities to exchange viewpoints and discuss scientific and organizational problems of mutual interest.

7. I ask those taking the floor to stick to the point.

8. The conference started at 9 a.m. with the registration of participants.

9. As he was the first to deliver his report he worried a lot.

7. Translate into English.

1. Недавно она получила приглашение принять участие в международной конференции.

2. Конференция молодых ученых проводится ежегодно в нашем университете.

3. Участники конференций могут поделиться своим опытом и познакомить коллег c полученными результатами.

4. Оргкомитет конференции рассылает всем заинтересованным учреждениям информационное письмо.

5. Приглашенные докладчики обычно выступают на пленарном заседании.

6. Если конференция международная, ее рабочим языком чаще всего является английский язык.

7. Участники конференций могут принять участие в секционных заседаниях, выступая с устными докладами, или подготовить стендовые доклады.

8. Тезисы докладов должны быть представлены к назначенному сроку.

9. Обычно оргкомитет предлагает участникам конференции интересную культурную программу.

10. Часто на конференциях организуют обсуждения за «круглым столом», участники которых обмениваются мнениями и обсуждают наиболее актуальные проблемы в их области.

8. Fill in the crossword puzzle.

Down

1. Belief or judgement not founded on complete knowledge.

2. Time during which a court of law, Parliament, etc. is sitting continuously.

3. Article that critically examines a new book, etc.

4. Short account, e.g. of the chief points of a piece of writing, a book, speech, etc.

5. Single article or unit in a list, etc.

6. (of meetings) attended by all who have a right to attend.

Across

7. Reporting to the authorities of births, deaths, etc.

8. Placard displayed in a public place (announcing or advertising smth); large printed picture.

9. Exchange opinions with your group-mates on the following problems:

- role of conferences;

- functions of organizing committees;

- requirements to submitted papers;

- personal experience in attending conferences;

- first participation in a conference.

UNIT 11

WRITING RESEARCH PAPERS

Pre-reading tasks

1. Have you ever written a research paper: a thesis or an article?

2. In your opinion, why do scientists write articles?

3. Can you name any rules which one should stick to while writing research papers?

4. The words in the column A are in the texts given below. Match a word in the column A with its definition in the column B.

5. Make use of the texts given below to check whether you have formed suitable collocations correlating verbs and nouns given in the box. Use one word once only.

Reading

Read the text “Writing research papers” that contains the main guidelines on the research-writing process and fulfill the tasks that follow it.

TEXT A

WRITING RESEARCH PAPERS

Writing a research paper takes a lot of time and effort. It demands a thorough knowledge not only of the subject you are writing about, but also of the strategies for generating, verifying and proving ideas. It is necessary to follow the structure, style, format and layout of the paper. The main purpose of any scientific report is to express one’s opinion on the problem under study and to provide precise information about research. Below you’ll find some guidelines that are of use as they provide a step-by-step explanation of the research-writing process.

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