Bill of Lading (document) Part 1 (continued)

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2.2 Dialogue (Stowage)

STEVEDORE: Second Officer, let's go to hold No.3. I’ve examined its space and | think there will be much space lost since the cargo to be loaded comprises irregularly shaped and heavy pieces.

CARGO OFFICER: What will cause “broken stowage"?

STEVEDORE: These pillars and bulkheads stiffeners will prevent us from compact stowage. | recommend you to make some changes in cargo disposition. Let's load pieces of uniform dimensions here and boilers, printing machinery and cars in hold No.4. The loss space will be much more smaller.

CARGO OFFICER: You are right. I'll consult the Master. Suppose he'll agree.

STEVEDORE: All right. Please, settle the problem as quickly as possible.

2.3 Dunnage

Pay attention to the underlined words and word combinations. (See the Notes).

Dunnage is the material used for protecting cargoes from possible damage.

Correct dunnaging of cargoes is extremely important.

Dunnaging serves the following purposes, according to the nature of the cargo carried:

- to protect it from contact with water from the bilges, leakage from other cargo, from the ship's side or from double bottom tanks;

- to protect it from contact with moisture or sweat which condenses on ship's sides, frames. bulkheads, and falls down on the cement caps, from which it finds its way into bilges;

- to prevent chafage of packages.

For ordinary cargoes the permanent ceiling is sufficient provided it is dry, clean and free from oil stains.

Where the condition of permanent ceiling is bad, additional dunnaging and matting are necessary.

Dunnage must be dry, clean, sound and free from stains which may contaminate the cargo in contact with it

The use of dunnage retaining the odour of a previous cargo should be avoided. The types of dunnage materials best suited to any particular cargo are as follows: boards, battens, carboard, tarpaulins, mats, plywood.

The selection of dunnage for some cargoes depends on a kind of cargo.

With a bagged cargo size is the criterion for selection. Wide boards are preferable to smaller sizes, for, by placing the former closely together a flooring is formed which does not prevent air circulation and it prevents the sagging of the bags between the boards.

The considerable top weight of a bagged cargo will cause bottom bags to tear by sagging through narrow, widely spaced and badly laid dunnage

A general cargo may be dunnaged efficiently almost with any types of wooden boards or battens provided they fulfil the requirements of cleanlineless. The boards or battens, however, should be selected in accordance with the sizes of the packages or bales necessary for a compact stow.

Appropriate wooden dunnage may be laid prior to the commencement of loading a bagged cargo, for, with most bagged cargoes a complete tier is first laid over the floor of the hold

General cargo, however, due to different shapes and sizes, will break up and misplace any previously laid dunnage. It is packages

Double dunnage should also be laid. The first tier is arranged athwartships in order to provide water courses toward the bilges, and the upper tier fore and aft.

Notes:

double bottom tank – танк двойного дна

permanent ceiling - настил

to contaminate - загрязнить

selection of dunnage — выбор подстилки

bagged cargo — мешковой груз

sagging of the bags — провисание (оседание) мешков

will cause bottom bags to tear — вызовет разрыв нижних мешков

to fulfil the requirements — удовлетворять требованиям

liberal supply of dunnage- дополнительный запас подстилок

to provide water courses — дать сток воде

2.4 Dialogue (Dunnage)

CARGO OFFICER: Which hold will you load first of all?

STEVEDORE: Hold No.3.

CARGO OFFICER: According to the cargo plan ordinary cargoes are to be stowed there. Are you satisfied with the dunnage laid?

STEVEDORE: We needn't special dunnaging since the ordinary cargoes don't call for it. Permanent ceiling is quite sufficient. Is it properly cleaned?

CARGO OFFICER: Surely it is. | have just inspected the hold myself. Everything is all right.

STEVEDORE: Then remove the boards laid on the permanent ceiling and send them on deck. We'll use the boards as liberal supply of dunnage in other compartments if we need.

CARGO OFFICER: Okay! We'll do it

3.1 Discharging

1. In what manner must cargo be discharged?

2. Who does the agent entrust the discharging of goods in the majority of cases?

3. Who makes out a notice of ship's readiness for discharging?

4. What are the main duties of an agent?

5. What does “clean receipt” mean?

6. What can a master do in case of non-payment of freight?

7. What document should be drawn up in case of shortage or defects of goods delivered?

Correct delivery of the cargo carried on board the ship to the consignees is one of the main responsibilities of the shipmaster and his cargo officer. Cargo must be discharged in the manner required by relevant port regulations and customs unless the Charter Party or Bills of Lading stipulate a particular method.

On arrival at the port of destination necessary arrangements are made for discharging cargo.

In the majority of cases, the agent entrusts the discharging of goods to some stevedoring company or wharfingers. This company usually undertakes to discharge the cargo into their own warehouses and then to deliver this cargo to respective consignees.

In other cases, the agent arranges with consignees a direct delivery of goods alongside the ship.

In both cases the second mate is under duty to make out notices of readiness and to hand them over to the agent. The agent, in his turn, hands in these notices to the consignees.

As a rule, the cargo is delivered against the original bills of lading and on payment of freight. The receiver of the goods is to sign his name on the bill of lading to the effect that full cargo under the bill has been received to his entire satisfaction. Such an endorsement is called “clean receipt’. A bill of lading is a negotiable document and it is often sold and resold before it is presented to the master at the port of discharge. So, when a bill of lading is presented to the master, he must see that it has been properly endorsed by the consignee and by each of the holders, if the bill of lading has changed hands.

Of course, it is rather embarrassing for the captain to see that all the legal formalities to this end have been duly carried out, and usually the ship’s agent is charged with this business. He negotiates with the consignees or the holders of the B/L and introduces to the master the right and legitimate person who must take the delivery of goods. The agent also secures clean receipts for the goods delivered.

Sometimes goods are delivered in small separate lots against consignees’ receipts. With the final lot all these receipts are exchanged for a duly signed and endorsed bill of lading.

 Very often the agent places his signature and seal on the bill of lading, which serves as a proof that the goods have been delivered to the right person or persons.

According to the contract the agent is bound to collect from the receivers of goods the freight and other charges due to the shipowners. The amount of freight is usually stated in the bill of lading. Besides, the agent usually gets direct instructions from the shipping company as to what amounts of money he should collect in connection with a definite shipment.

The master of the ship may deliver goods only after he has ascertained that the freight and other charges, if any, have been paid. The fact that the money has been paid must be officially confirmed by the agent. He usually does this bygiving the captain either a formal written notice or by arranging with the captain that he will visa each B/L the money under which has been duly collected.

In case of non-payment of freight and of other charges due to the ship, the muster can exercise a lien upon the goods and the agent renders him every assistance in this connection.

In case of shortage of goods or any claims or disputes on the part of consignees, the agent is to arrange immediate checking of the cargo in order to protect the interests of the vessel. If shortage or defects of goods are found on agent and sometimes by a custom-house officer or a surveyor.

in the majority of cases — в большинстве случаев

to entrust — доверять, вверять, поручать

fespective —соответствующий

wharfinger — начальник (владелец) причала, представитель судовладельца — на причале

negotiable —могущий служить предметом сделки

to negotiate — вести переговоры, договариваться (об условиях)

to endorse — делать передаточную надпись, расписываться на обороте документа

holder —владелец, держатель (векселя итп.)

the bill of lading has changed hands—коносамент переходил из рук в руки

legal —законный, легальный

embarrassing—затруднительный

legitimate —законный; правильный

to take the delivery of goods —принимать (получать) груз

toexchange - обменивать

proof - доказательство

to be bound —быть обязанным

to collect —взимать (налоги, пошлины и тп.)

charges —расходы, издержки

freight - фрахт

to state —указывать, заявлять, излагать

definite — определенный

to ascertain —удостовериться, убедиться

to confirm - подтвердить

to exercise a lien upon the goods — применить залоговое право (право задержания) на груз

Claim — претензия, иск

disputes — разногласия

appropriate - соответствующий

statement of facts - акт, официальный отчет

shortage —недостача

short-shipment — недостача при погрузке

short-delivery — недостача при выгрузке

Letters

Read the dialogue and answer the following questions.

1. What does the abbreviation “B/L” mean?

2. Was the Bill of Lading clean or unclean?

3. Is it a case of short-delivery or short-shipment?

4. What document should be drawn up on the part of the Carrier?

Agent: The last consignment of spare parts was two cases short.

Second Mate: What's the number of that B/L?

Agent: No.4567 for 200 cases of spare parts . As a matter of fact, we got ashore only 198 cases. Our tallies agree. What's the matter with that B/L?

Second Mate: | suppose you didn’t pay attention to the remark on the B/L that two cases were in dispute.

Agent: Why, | did, but | thought they meant two extra cases over 200. They ought to have stated: “198 cases plus 2 cases in dispute”

Second Mate: Yes, that’s what they ought to have done, but they didn’t. That was their mistake and, I’m sorry to say, we have overlooked it. Anyhow, we have to draw up a statement of shortage. State that two cases are short-landed.

Agent: Yes, that's what we have to do.

Letters

1. Letter requesting to arrange the unloading of extra-weights.

Dear Sirs

Herewith | wish to inform you that among the cargo to be discharged at your port we have on board the ship several cases of Machinery consigned to Messrs. Brown & Co. under bills of lading Nos.: 123, 124 & 125 and weighing over 5 tons each.

As these weights are beyond the ship's discharging facilities | would ask you to communicate with Messrs. Brown & Co. with regard to arranging the unloading of these cases on the 12-th of June, 20.. by Consignee’s means.

Please, also advise Messrs. Brown & Co. that in compliance with the terms of the Charter Party all expenses in connection with handling of these extra-weights are to be paid by themselves and for their count

Yours faithfully

Herewith — с этим письмом

Herewith | wish to inform you — Настоящим желаю сообщить Вам

to weigh — weighing- весить

weight — вес

to be beyond — превышать, превосходить

with regard to — относительно, касательно (concerning, regarding)

by Consignee’s means — средствами грузополучателя

to advise = to inform — сообщать, информировать

in compliance with — в соответствии с

Charter Party (C/P) — чартер-партия

expenses — расходы, издержки (costs)

for their own account — за их собственный счет

1. Letter informing of container dropped during unloading.

Dear Sirs

This is to inform you that today, on July 10, 20 .. , during the morning shift due to negligence and incompetence of the crane operator working on Hatch 1 one container was dropped when it was being lifted and fell onto the quay. As a result of the fall the container and its contents were damaged.

As the Stevedoring Company refuse to reimburse the damages in full on the grounds that according to the Stevedoring Contract they have the right to limitation of liability , we kindly ask you to arrange an independent survey of the damage for tomorrow morning and invite a good lawyer specializing in cargo claims for consultations on the matter.

Yours faithfully

This is to inform you — настоящим сообщаем Вас

shift — смена (рабочая)

negligence — небрежность, халатность

to drop — ронять, уронить

quay —причал

contents — содержимое

to damage – повреждать

damage to — повреждения чего-либо

damages — убытки, возмещение убытков

to refuse —отказаться, отклонять

to reimburse — возмещать, возвращать

on the grounds — на оснвоании (on the basis)

according to = in accordance with — в соответствии с

limitation of liability — ограниченная ответственность

survey — обследование, осмотр, освидетельствование

on the matter –по данному вопросу

1. Letter informing of cargo broken due to negligent slinging.

Dear Sirs

This is to inform you that today, on the 10-th of May during the evening shift, while discharging the cargo of tea from my broken.

I advise you hereby that | shall bear no responsibility for any claims in connection with the above-mentioned damage caused to the goods in the course of such inefficient discharging. At the same time | hold the Stevedoring Company responsible for the damage caused and for all the consequences which may arise therefrom, of which I kindly request you to advise the said Stevedoring Company, port Authorities and all concerned.

Yours faithfully

proper — improper — надлежащий - ненадлежащий

to sling (slung, slung) — sling — стропить-сроп

hereby — настоящим (письмом)

to bear responsibility for — нести ответственность за

the above-mentioned – вышеуказанный

efficient-inefficient — эффективный, производительный- неумелый

to hold smb. responsible for —возлагать на кого-либо ответственность за что-либо

consequences — последствия

May arise — могут возникнут

therefrom — из этого

to request — просить

the said — вышеупомянутый

port Authorities — портовые власти

all concerned — все заинтересованный листа

Translate the following letters into English.

Уважаемые господа!

Настоящим сообщаю Вам, что среди груза, который должен быть доставлен в Ваш порт 10 мая 20 на борту моего судна есть станок, адресованный компании «Морстрой» по коносаменту №765, который весит свыше 7 тонн.

Так как наше судно не имеет погрузо-разгрузочное оборудование такой грузоподъёмности, убедительно прошу Вас организовать выгрузку данного груза средствами грузополучателя и за их счет.

С уважением,

Капитан судна «...»

1.

Уважаемые господа!

Настоящим хочу сообщить Вам, что вчера в утреннюю смену в процессе выгрузки ящиков с запчастями с моего судна из-за небрежности крановщика, два ящика упали на причал. В результате падения ящики и их содержимое получили сильное повреждение, о чем я составит соответствующий акт (an appropriate Statement of Facts) и отправил его стивидорной компании. Копия акта также была отправлена грузополучателям.

Обращаю Ваше внимание на тот факт ‚ что я не буду нести ответственность за поврежденные ящики, так же как их содержимое, и в соответствии со стивидорным соглашением (Stevedoring Contract) возлагаю ответственность за вышеупомянутое повреждение на стивидорную компанию.

С уважением,

Капитан судна «...»

Bill of Lading

BILLS OF LADING

When a shipowner, or another authorized person, for example an agent, agrees to carry by water, or agrees to furnish a ship for the purpose of carrying goods in return for a sum of money to be paid to him, such a contract is a contract of affreightment and the sum to be paid is called freight. Shipment of the goods is usually evidenced in a document called a bill of lading.

Bill of Lading is in fact the most important shipping document. It is: firstly. evidence of the contract of carriage between the shipper and the shipping company: secondly. a receipt for goods shipped on board a ship: thirdly a document of title (it can be sold and bought).

A bill of lading contains full information about the shipper and the carrying vessel, the ports of shipment and destination, the freight rate. the name of the consignee ( unless the B/L is “to order”, like a cheque), and the date of shipment as well as a full description of the consignment — numbers and weights and marks of packages. It may also contain a number of other clauses. Some bills of lading are marked “freight paid’, when a shipper is selling C.LF. or C. and F., others may allow transhipment, which means that the cargo may be transferred from one ship to another at some intermediate port.

Depending on the requirements of the shippers the B/L is issued in 3, 4 or more copies.

There are several types and forms of bills of lading:

Shipped bill of lading It has the wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition”. It confirms the goods are actually on board the vessel.

Received bill of lading It has not the same meaning as a “shipped” bill. This arises where the word “shipped” does not appear on the bill of lading. It merely confirms that the goods have been handed over to the shipowner and are in his custody.The cargo may be in his dock, warehouse/transit shed. etc.

Through bill of lading In many cases it is necessary to employ two or more carriers to get the goods to their final destination. The on-carriage may be either by a second vessel or by different form of transport. In such cases it would be very complicated and more expensive if the shipper had to arrange on-carriage himself by employing an agent at the point of transhipment. Shipping companies. therefore. issue bills of lading which cover the whole transit and the shipper deals only with the first carrier. This type of bill enables a through rate to be quoted and is growing in popularity with the development of containerization. Special container bills of lading have to be prepared. They cover the goods from port to port or from initial point of departure to inland point of destination. It may be an inland clearance depot. dry port or container base.

Clean bills of lading which do not contain any remarks about damaged condition of the goods. packing. etc.

Claused (unclean, foul) bills of lading If the shipowner does not agree with any of the statement made in the bill of lading he will add a clause to this effect.There are many types of such clauses including: inadequate packing. unprotected machinery, second-hand cases, wet or stained cartons, damaged crates, ete.

There are also some other types of bills of lading described in the text "Shipping Documents" (Basie Professional English Course).

Remember the meaning of the following words and collocations:

to furnish a ship = to provide a ship

a contract of affreightment – договор о фрахтовании

evidence – свидетельство, доказательство

a document of title – правоустанавливающий документ

freight rate – ставка фрахта

intermediate port – промежуточный порт

to hand over – передавать, сдавать

to be in custody – находиться в ведении

transit shed – хранение для транзитных грузов

through bill of lading – сквозной коносамент

to issue a document – выпустить, оформить документ

Answer the questions:

1. What are the main 3 functions of the bill of lading?

2. What information does a Bill of Lading contain?

3. In how many copies can a bill of lading be issued?

4. What is the main difference between a shipped bill of lading and a received one?

5. In which cases is it necessary to issue a through bill of lading?

6. Does a clean bill of lading contain any remarks about the damaged condition of goods

7. What kind of clauses can be included in an unclean bill of lading?

A QUANTITY OF INDIAN NIGH GRADE HOMOGENOUS HEMATITE IRON ORE IN BULK SAID TO WEIGH 12.900 M/Tons EQUIVALENT TO 12.784.758 L/Tons STOWED IN ALL FIVE HOLDS.

Freight and charges: at Indian Rupees 17.50 per one Long ton on FIOS basis payable: 75% on loading, 25% on delivery. Total freight: Rs. 22.373.75.

The goods taken on board the vessel in apparent good order and condition, unless noted herein, at the port of loading for carriage to the port of discharge or so near thereto as she may safely get, always afloat, and delivered as mentioned above. All particulars (weight, measure, marks, numbers, quantity, contents, value etc.) thereof being as stated by the Merchant but unknown to the Carrier.

In accepting this Bill of Lading the Merchant accepts and agrees to all stipulations, exceptions and conditions on both pages, whether written, printed, stamped or otherwise incorporated. One of these

Bills of Lading must be surrendered duly endorsed in exchange for the goods.

Neither the weight nor the measure of goods carried in bulk are checked by the Carrier on loading.

In witness whereof the number of the above stated original Bills of Lading have been signed; one of which being accomplished, the other (s) to be void.

Place and date of issue: KARWAR, the 28th of February,

Master's signature:

Master of the m/v "Alexandr Blok"

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