Introductory Note by Sri. V. Sadagopan

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SrI Perundevi ThAyAr

This stabakam is about the Vaibhavam of KaruNaa, SrI Devi. Let us follow the commentaries of U.Ve. ChEtlUr SrivatsAngAcchAr Swamy now. It is agreed that the embodiment of the Lord’s Compassion/DayA (KaruNaa) is Periya PirAtti. In our sampradAyam, Sri Devi is considered as the avatAram of KaruNaa and BhU Devi is the avatAram of KshamA (Forbearance). SrI PaadukA sahasra SrI sUkti provides the support for this view: “anukampA kshamayorivAvatAra:”). Sage ParAsarA saluted SrI Devi as “karuNAm vedamAtaram”. Swamy Desikan observed elsewhere in this context: “karuNAmiva rUpiNam”. She is indeed the Lord’s DayA Devi. The importance of DayA has been underscored by Swamy Desikan in DayA Satakam: “doshA bhaveyureta yadi nAma daye! tvayA vinAbhUtA:”. Our Lord has the six guNams (jn~Anam, Sakti, balam, aiSvaryam, vIryam and tejas). If He did not however have the DayA GuNam (Periya PirAtti), then all of these six guNams will prove to be defects only. This DayA Devi has jagat kAraNatvam (Being the cause of the Universe and its beings) and Moksha Pradatvam (Power to grant Moksha anugraham). These are the duties of Brahman, Her Lord. Therefore, She belongs to the Brahma koTi and not jIva koTi as erroneously stated by some sampradAyams.

The lakshaNam of Her KaruNA (anukampA = anu+kampa meaning shivering after seeing the sufferings of the samsAris ) is feeling sad on seeing the sorrow of others (“vyasaneshu manushyANAm bhrSam bhavati dukkhita:”). DayA is also defined as “para: dukkha dukkhitatvam” feeling sad on seeing some one suffering. That compassion makes them take action to remove the sorrows of the suffering jIvan (“para dukkha nirAcikIrshA dayA” according to the commentary of SruthaprakASikAchArya on one SrI BhAshya adhikAram). That desire to chase away the sorrow of the suffering has been saluted by Sri ParAsara Bhattar as: “para vyasana nirAkrtISca” in Bhagavat GuNa DarpaNam. All these fine points about the KaruNaa of SrI Devi are brought out by SrI VenkadAdhvari Kavi in this stabakam.

As discussed, this stabakam describes PirAti’s compassion or kAruNyam. It is Her kAruNyam that protected kAkAsura from Rama’s wrath and the rAkshasis of LankA from HanumAn’s anger (Srimad RaamAyaNam).

PirAtti is nityavAsa Rasikai of the Lord’s hrdayam. In Her heart is housed the limitless dayA for us all. Sri VenkatAdhvari Kavi states that he seeks therefore that heart of Devi as his protection in the 14th slokam of this stabakam.

To celebrate Her KaaruNyam, we have to recall Swamy Desikan’s salutations to Her as the DayA Devi: She is the ocean of the Lord’s karuNai (SrinivAsa dayAmbhodhi). Our fortunate AzhwArs are having as their supporting staff SrInivAsA’s KaruNaa (KaruNya ekAntina: krtina:). He in turn is leaning on His PirAtti’s (DayA devi’s) KaruNaa guNam. She is the most merciful, cool GangA of the Lord (kamalA kAnta: kAruNya gangA). The Mother of the Universe (samasta jananI) is recognized as the embodiment of the Lord’s KaruNaa (SrInivAsasya karuNAmiva rUpiNIm). That Ocean of KaruNai (karuNA varuNAlayam) is DayA Devi/Periya PirAtti. Lord SrinivAsan is under Her control (sva adhInam) and because of this KaaruNya GuNam, She is accepted as the intrinsically Superior queen of the Lord (svAdhIna vrushagirISAm svayam prabhUtAm dayAm pramANayAmi).

She is addressed as “bhagavati daye” because of the KaaruNya GuNam that distinguishes Her even over Her Lord. During PraLaya kAlam, She looks at the jIvans staying motionless like insentient (acit aviSishTAn jantUn avalokya jAtanirvedA) with karuNaa and gives them their union with limbs and bodies (karaNa KaLebara yogam vitarasi). When Her KaruNA KaTAksham falls on any one, that fortunate one enjoys moksha sukham effortlessly (tvayA eva drushTa: janimAn apavargam akrshTapacyam anubhavati).

We constantly transgress His Saastrams and our Lord gets mighty angry over that (atilangita sAsaneshu vijrmpita vrshaSaila adhipati) and You, my Mother, You advance the right kind of arguments to gain pardon over our sins (mamakAnAm pApmAnam yathArham prativAdasi). He forgives and He becomes dayALu because of You (kamalA nilaya: tvayA dayALu:). You have that superior guNam of KaaruNai (tvam guNeshu sArvabhaumi). With Your intercession, You make the Lord Happy and He does a cool dance (prasatti lAsyam) and becomes overcome by Your clever arguments and He becomes under Your control (caturai: te vibhramai: svIkrtavat SrInivAsa:). You become the safe boat for jIvans to ferry across the ocean of Samsaara (bhava jaladhi gatAnAm potapAtri bhavitri). Your Lord bestows great honor on You in recognition of Your KaruNaa, which always propels You to seek hitam for others (parahitam bhAvayantyAm SrinivAsa: bahumAnam prathayati).

Swami Desikan points out in one of the DayA Sataka slokams that KaaruNyamayi, DayA devi serves as the dam (setu) to cross over the limitless waters of samsAram quickly to reach the sacred feet of the Lord of seven hills to enjoy limitless BrahmAnandam there (aSithila setu padavIm bhavatIm adhigamya, amita mahA Urmi jAlam bhava ambunidhim acirAt atilanghya vrshAcala Isa pada pattana nitya dhanI bhavati).

Swami Desikan prays to KaruNaamayi DayA devi to intercede on his behalf and to change the disposition of Her Lord to punish him for his sins (dIne mayi vibho: dhaNDadharatva lIlAm tvam Samaya).

This stabakam eulogizes the KaaruNya guNam of Periya PirAtti, who is the alankAram and AbharaNam for Her Lord’s Vakshasthalam (bhujanga Sailesa bhujAntara parishkriya) and is the embodiment of His DayA (krtodayAm dayAmiva). Like Swamy Desikan, this apara Desikan acknowledges that there is no other ship to ferry us across the fierce ocean of samsAram with its whirlpools of mental and physical illness, repeated births and deaths (tava karuNAtmanA guruNaa plavena vinA janana, Adhi, roga maraNAdi vedanA varuNAlayasya taraNAya kA gati:?). The stabakam concludes with a declarative statement from the aparadesikan that as a suffering jIvan swirling in the whirlpools of samsAram, he holds on firmly to the eternal ship of KaruNai of Periya PirAtti to ferry across the samsAric ocean to the safe shores of Parama Padam (samsArAbdhau bhraman, anAtha: aham tava akampAm anukampAm nAvam sAdhu avalambe).

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