What are the main characteristics of Baroque stage in the development of literature?

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54) What are the main characteristics of Baroque stage in the development of literature?

Baroque (from the Portugal baroca - a pearl of improper form ) – is a cultural historical epoch, the main style of epoch, the set of stylish trends of transitional period between Renaissance and Enlightenment, that was an epoch of counter- Reformation. Baroque is the synthesis of two cultures, the crisis of feudalism and the beginning of capitalism, Renaissance and Enlightenment. Art and literature of that period was built on the example of oxymoron that connected something that was impossible to connect. In Baroque there is mixture of sensuality and spiritualism, ascetics and hedonism, symbolic and concrete, simple and complicated features. Baroque longed to sensual and tense intellectualism, sudden and amazing imagination combination of ideas, images and representations. Exaltation, affection, refinement, demonism are the features of this style. As well as dynamics, picturesqueness, decoration, ornamentalism, theatricality, passion to extraordinary details, comparisons, metaphors, hyperbolas. Literature of Baroque was distinguished by passion to encyclopedic intellect, by absorption of non-literary material, mostly by amazing rarity and exotic features, appeals to various non-European traditions, acknowledging and re-working its artistic devices and synthesizing the historical particularities of national styles.

55) What are the main characteristics of Enlightenment stage in the development of literature?

Enlightenment is cultural historical epoch, that follows the Renaissance, the social historical way of ideological and artistic thinking of XVIII-XIX centuries, based on the idea of the drastic role of Reason in science in understanding of ‘natural order’, that is coincide with real nature of a man and society. Ignorance, obscurantism, religious fanaticism were considered as the reasons of human disasters; enlighteners were against feudal – absolutist regime, they wanted political freedom, civil equality. The main representatives of enlightenment are John Lock, Voltaire, Collins, Russo, Didro, Helvetia, Lessing, Gete, Jefferson, Franklin, Radizhev. The ideas of Enlightenment were influential for the development of social thinking. At the same time, in XIX- XX centuries the ideology of Enlightenment was attacked with critique for idealization of human nature, optimistic understanding of progress as stable development of society on the base of enhancement of human mind. In wide sense, enlighteners were called for the outstanding spreading of scientific knowledge enlighten by their aesthetical ideals.

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