What is pathos of a literary work? 


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What is pathos of a literary work?

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14) What is pathos of a literary work?

Paphos (from fech. Pathos - «passion", "feeling", "suffering", "excitement", "inspiration") - in an antique aesthetic passion, emotional experience associated with suffering, is usually contrasted with the epic. The most controversial category of modern literary criticism, indicating the emotional focus of the work, passion, reviving it, constitutes the soul of the work, combining thought and feeling of the artist in a single unit. The following types of pathos (at Pospelov) sublime, dramatic, heroic, tragic, sentimental, romantic, humorous and satirical.

 

15) What is a literary personage? Give the general characteristics to psychologism, portrait, landscape, things, time and space.

The author can express his/her attitude to the personage, to his position, his values. Between the author and his personage there is some distance. Literary personages can overcome the boundaries of the literary work and live their independent life. The character possesses the certain structure that originated from his/her inner world and external image (appearance). The appearance of the character depicted by the author, is called a portrait. The special image of the inner world of the character, depth and subtlety of writer's penetration into the soul of the hero, system of means and techniques representing style unity aimed on full and detailed disclosing of inner world of the character, is called psychologism. Description of any non-closed space of the outside world of the characters in a literary work is called landscape. It may indicate time and place of action, be as the plot motif, be a form of psychologism, indicate the presence of the author. The subjects of material culture depicted in literary work make material world in an artistic description. The forms of existence of the world in a literary work are the artistic space and time (chronotope according to M.Bakhtin). Time and space in a literary work are conventional, discrete, abstract and concrete. Chronotope depends on a literature type of literary work. Time can be cyclic, space can be fragmentary, time can be eventive or non-eventive, finished or incomplete, closed or opened. In modern literary criticism time and space are united in concept chronotope, representing culturological reflection of physical concept of «space-time continuum».

 



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