The word Prana here refers to Brahman, for a reason similar to that given in the preceding Sutra. — 23.

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SUTRA I. 1.23.

अत एव प्राणः॥१.१.२३॥

ata eva prāṇaḥ ..1.1.23..

… Ata eva, for this reason, hence also. … Pranah, the breath, Note: Pratyudaharana Sangati.

COMMENTARY.

This Prana of the Chh. Up., I., 11. 5, is the Supreme Lord and not the air of the breath. Why? Because the characteristic marks of Brahman, namely, the creation of all creatures and re-absorption of them into Himself, are attributed to this Prana.

Adhikarana X — The Light is Brahman

Vishaya: In the Chh. Up., (III., 13. 7) we road:

Now that light which shines above this heaven, higher than all, higher than everything, in the highest world, beyond which there are no other worlds, that is the same light which is within man.

Note: We give below the whole passage in order to follow the reasoning properly.

TWELFTH KHANDA

1. The Lord called Gayatri is verily this All-Full, in whatever form (He may be.) Gayatri is speech, because (the Lord as) Speech (controls and commands) all beings. He sings out (the Vedas) and gives salvation to all, hence He is called (Gayatri).

2. That very Lord (who is in the sun and called) Gayatri, is indeed (the very Lord who is in the earth and called) Prithivi the Broad. In this form are all these beings established. None excels this form.

3. That very Lord who is in the earth and called Prithivi, is indeed the very Lord who is in this soul and called Sharira, the Joy, bliss-wisdom. In this form rest indeed these senses. None can excel this form.

4. That very Lord who is in the soul and called Sharira, is indeed the Lord who is in the innermost part of the soul, and called the heart. In Him rest indeed these senses. None excels this form.

5. That very six- fold Gayatri has four feet; and that very fact is declared by a Rik Verse (Re Veda, X., 90. 3).

6. «Such is His greatness, yea the Lord is even greater. All souls constitute one quarter of Him. His immortal three quarters are in Heaven».

7. That Gayatri-form of the Lord is indeed Brahman, the All-pervading. This indeed is the All-luminous which is outside of the soul (in the physical heart).

8. That All-luminous, who is outside the Jiva (in the external heart) is verily the All-luminous who is inside the Jiva (pervades the soul).

9. That All-luminous, who is inside the Jiva, is verily the All-luminous who is in the heart of the Jiva.

10. That All-luminous who is in the heart, is verily the Full, the Self-determined. He who knows thus, obtains happiness, full and independent.

THIRTEENTH KHANDA

1. Of this Supreme Brahman called the Heart, there are verily indeed five divine gatekeepers. He who is His eastern gate-keeper is the presiding deity of Prana, of the eye and is the sun. Let one meditate on him (as sun) as physical energy and health. He who meditates thus becomes energetic and healthy.

2. Now he who is His southern gate-keeper is the presiding deity of Vyana, of the ear, and is the moon. Let one meditate on him (as moon possessed of) beauty and fame. He who meditates thus becomes artistic and famous.

3. Now he who is His western gate-keeper is the presiding deity of Apana, of the organ of speech: and is Agni. Let one meditate on him (as Agni possessed of) intellectual energy and sanity. He who meditates thus becomes intellectual and sane.

4. Now he who is his northern gate-keeper is the presiding deity of Samana, and of wind, and he is Indra. Let one meditate on him as Indra, possessed of renown and lordliness. He who meditates thus becomes renowned and lordly.

5. Now he who is the central gate-keeper is the presiding deity of Udana and the chief Vayu and is Akasha. Let one meditate on him as the principal Vayu possessed of spiritual energy and greatness. He who meditates thus, becomes spiritually energetic and great.

6. These verily are the five servants of Brahman, the gate-keepers of the world of Pure wisdom and joy (also). He who knows those five servants of Brahman thus, (as) the gate-keepers (of the heart as well as) of the world of Pure wisdom and joy, gets a virtuous son born in his family; and himself enters that world of Pure wisdom and joy; because he knows those five servants of Brahman, the gate-keepers of the world of svarga.

7. Now the light which shines above this heaven, in the worlds higher than those of Brahma 1, higher than all, beyond which there are no higher worlds, (and which themselves are) the highest worlds (of their respective planes); that is verily the same light which is within (the heart of) man. And of this the direct proof is this:

8. Namely, the warmth which one perceives through touch here in the body. Of Him is this praise, which one hears as existing in the ears, namely, the 60und like the roar of an ocean, or that of thunder, or of the burning fire. Let one meditate on Brahman, as if thus seen and heard. He who knows this thus, becomes clear seeing and celebrated; yea, who knows this thus.

Doubt: What is this Jyotih or light referred to here? Is it the physical light of the sun, etc. Or is it the Supreme Brahman?

Purvapaksha: The light is the physical light of the sun, etc., because there is no mention of Brahman here in connection with it, or immediately preceding it.

Siddhanta: To this the author replies by the following Sutra:

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