Adhikarana VII — The Being in the Sun and the Eye is Brahman

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The wonderful Purusha of Chhandogya Upanishad described in chapters I., 6 and 7 is Brahman.

Vishaya: In the Chhandogya Upanishad we read as follows:

SIXTH KHANDA

1. (The Devi Sarasvati called) Rik verily (pervades) this (earth); (the Deva Vayu called Saman (pervades) fire; thus this (fire is seen to) rest on that (earth); therefore, the Saman is sung as resting on the Rik. 8d is this earth, and Anna is fire and that makes Sama.

2. (The Devi Sarasvati as presiding over) sky is verily Rik, (the Deva Vayu as presiding over) air is Saman. This Saman is refuged in that Rik. The sky is Sa and the air is Ama, and thus the Sama is made.

3. The Heaven (Sarasvati) is verily Rik, and the Sun (Vayu) is Saman, this Saman is sung as based on the Rik, the Heaven is be and the sun is Ama, thus Sama is made.

4. (The Devi Saras vat i dwelling in) the stars is verily Rik and (the Deva Vayu in) the moon is Saman. This Saman is refuged on that Rik. Sa is the stars; Ama the moon; and thus Sama is made.

5. Now that which is the white light of the sun that indeed is Rik, again that which is the blue, exceeding dark light of the sun, that verily is Saman; thus Saman (darkness) is refuged in the Rik (brightness); therefore, the Saman is sung as refuged on the Rik. Now the Sa is the white light of the sun; and the blue and deep dark is Ama, and that, makes Sama.

6. Now that (Being residing inside Vayu and Sarasvati) which is seen in the sun. (in meditation) as full of intense joy, with joy as beard, joy as hair, joy all together to the very tips of his nails.

7. His two eyes are like fresh red lotus. His (mystic) name is lit, for he has risen (Udita) above all sins. He also, who knows this, rises verily above all sins.

8. Rik and Sama (i.e., Sarasvati and chief Vayu) are the ministrels of the Lord; therefore he is called Udgitha. (He who is praised as Ut) and therefore, he also who sings Him is called Udgatri. He, (the Lord, called Ut) is the Ruler of the worlds above that (above the heaven plane). He rules those worlds and awards the desired objects to the Devas. This is Adhidaivata or cosmological.

SEVENTH KHANDA

1. Now the psychological. The Rik is Speech, and the Saman is the organ of respiration. Thus respiration is seen to rest on the organ of speech. Therefore, the Saman is sung as resting on the Rik. Sa is the organ of speech, and Ama is the organ of respiration. That makes Sama.

2. The eye is the Rik, and the Jiva is the Saman. This Saman is seen to rest on the Rik, therefore she Saman is sung to rest on the Rik; Sa is the eye, and Ama the Jiva; and that makes Sama.

3. The ear is the Rik and the mind is the Saman; this Saman is seen to rest on the Rik; therefore, the Saman is sung as resting on the Rik. Sa is the ear, Ama is the mind. That makes Sama.

4. Now the white light of the eye is indeed Rik and the blue exceeding dark light of the eye is Saman. This Saman is refuged on that Rik. Therefore the Saman is sung as refuged in the Rik. Sa is the white light of the eye, Ama is the blue exceeding dark light, and that makes Sama.

5. Now the person that is seen in the eye is the all-wise, all-harmonious, and up-lifter of all. He is all-adorable, He is all-full. The form of that person in the eye is the same as the form of the other person in the sun, the ministrels of the one are the ministrels of the other, the name Ut of the one, is the name of the other.

6. He is the Lord, who rules the worlds beneath the physical, and awards all the wishes of men. Therefore all, who sing any song, sing really to Him, and thus really from Him they obtain all wealth.

7. Now he who knowing this sings a Saman, sings to both, he really sings as if inspired by Him, and obtains the worlds beyond that and the wishes of the devas.

8. Now through this alone he obtains all the lower worlds and the desires of human beings. Therefore, the Udgatri who knows this should say: «To accomplish what particular desire of yours, O Yajamana, shall I sing out?» For he, who knowing this sings out the Saman, is able to accomplish the desires of his Yajamana through his song, yea, through his song.

Doubt: Now arises this doubt. Who is this wonderful person, seen in the orb of the sun and in the orb of the eye? Is it some Jiva, who by his extraordinary sanctity and wisdom, has attained the position of a divine personage, and resides in the solar sphere, and in the human retina? Or is it supreme Brahman?

Purvapaksha: The being above described is a Jiva who, owing to his good deeds and wisdom, has attained this position, Because he is described as possessing a body. Because he is supremely wise and holy, therefore he possesses the power of ruling the worlds and awarding the fruits of action and desires of the gods and mankind; and, therefore, the above passage teaches the worship of some highly evolved Jiva.

Siddhanta: To this the author answers by the following Sutra:

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