antastaddharmopadeśāt ..1.1.20..

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SUTRA I. 1. 20.

अन्तस्तद्धर्मोपदेशात्॥१.१.२०॥

antastaddharmopadeśāt ..1.1.20..

… Antas, or Antar, the Being within (the sun and the eye). Tat-dharma, His attributes, the attributes of the Supreme. … Upadeshat, because of teaching. The Shruti gives to this Person in the sun and the eye, attributes which solely belong to God; therefore this Person must be Brahman.

Note: — This is Drishtanta Sangati.

20. The being inside the sun and the eye is Paramatman, and not any Jiva, because the attributes of the Supreme Brahman are taught therein. — 20.

He who is inside the sun and the eye, is verily the Supreme Self, and not any exalted Jiva. Why? Because in this chapter of the Chhandogya Upanishad we find attributes which are applicable to Brahman only and not to Jiva. He is said to be «Apahatapapma», «above all sins»: no Jiva can be so described, for rising above all evils and destroying all Karmas is the attribute of Brahman, in Him there is no trace of sin or bondage of Karma, while we know that Jiva is bound by Karma, and tainted with sin. No doubt, highly evolved Devas and Jivas take up the offices of ruling over the lower spheres, and fulfilling the desires of the other Jivas, and awarding the fruits of actions to them. But such evolved souls are not primary rulers of the world. Their power and action are derived from that of Brahman and are the results of their meditation on Him. Moreover, meditation on those exalted Beings is not equivalent to the meditation on Ishvara. No doubt He is described in the above passage as having a body, but merely from such a description, we are not entitled to conclude, that He is a Jiva. «For in the Vedas we find, (such as in the well-known Purusha Sukta of the Rik-Veda, X., 90.) that the God is described as an Almighty Man-like being. Similarly we find in the other Upanishad passages, the same (anthropomorphic) description: «I know that great person (Purusha) of sun-like lustre, beyond the darkness», etc. All these passages of the Vedas and Upanishads show that the Supreme Brahman has an immaterial. Non-Prakritik divine body of His own.

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