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Killing the Demon Pūtanā
Содержание книги
- kṣetraṁ trailokya-viśrutam
- kapilasya ca saṁvādo
- Vishvanatha Chakravarti Thakura
- The Advent of Lord Kṛṣṇa
- Once when mother earth was overburdened by hundreds of thousands of military phalanxes of various conceited demons dressed like kings, she approached Lord Brahmā for relief.
- Mother earth assumed the form of a cow. Very much distressed, with tears in her eyes, she appeared before Lord Brahmā and told him about her misfortune.
- O great hero, one who takes birth is sure to die; for death is born with the body. One may die today or after hundreds of years, but death is sure for every living entity.
- After thus considering the matter as far as his knowledge would allow, Vasudeva submitted his proposal to the sinful Kaṁsa with great respect.
- Vasudeva agreed and took his child back home, but because Kaṁsa had no character and no self-control, Vasudeva knew that he could not rely on Kaṁsa’s word.
- By sacrifices of animals, ordinary human beings will worship you gorgeously, with various paraphernalia, because you are supreme in fulfilling the material desires of everyone.
- The Birth of Lord Kṛṣṇa
- When both of you were ordered by Lord Brahmā to create progeny, you first underwent severe austerities by controlling your senses.
- Thus you spent twelve thousand celestial years performing difficult activities of tapasya in consciousness of Me [Kṛṣṇa consciousness].
- After you received that benediction and I disappeared, you engaged yourselves in sex to have a son like Me, and I fulfilled your desire.
- O supremely chaste mother, I, the same personality, have now appeared of you both as your son for the third time. Take My words as the truth.
- Vasudeva placed the female child on the bed of Devakī, bound his legs with the iron shackles, and thus remained there as before.
- Exhausted by the labor of childbirth, Yaśodā was overwhelmed with sleep and unable to understand what kind of child had been born to her.
- The Atrocities of King Kaṁsa
- Alas, my sister! Alas, my brother-in-law! I am indeed so sinful that exactly like a man-eater [Rākṣasa] who eats his own child, I have killed so many sons born of you.
- Alas, not only human beings but sometimes even providence lies. And I am so sinful that I believed the omen of providence and killed so many of my sister’s children.
- After hearing their master’s statement, the envious asuras, who were enemies of the demigods and were not very expert in their dealings, advised Kaṁsa as follows.
- The demigods always fear the sound of your bowstring. They are constantly in anxiety, afraid of fighting. Therefore, what can they do by their endeavors to harm you?
- My dear King, when a man persecutes great souls, all his benedictions of longevity, beauty, fame, religion, blessings and promotion to higher planets will be destroyed.
- The Meeting of Nanda Mahārāja and Vasudeva
- My dear brother Nanda Mahārāja, at an advanced age you had no son at all and were hopeless of having one. Therefore, that you now have a son is a sign of great fortune.
- Killing the Demon Pūtanā
- While Nanda Mahārāja was returning to Gokula, the same fierce
- The Killing of the Demon Tṛṇāvarta
- For a moment, the whole pasturing ground was overcast with dense darkness from the dust storm, and mother Yaśodā was unable to find her son where she had placed Him.
- Because of the bits of sand thrown about by Tṛṇāvarta, people could not see themselves or anyone else, and thus they were illusioned and disturbed.
- When mother Yaśodā saw the whole universe within the mouth of her child, her heart began to throb, and in astonishment she wanted to close her restless eyes.
- Lord Kṛṣṇa Shows the Universal Form Within His Mouth
- For many reasons, this beautiful son of yours sometimes appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva.
- For this son of yours there are many forms and names according to His transcendental qualities and activities. These are known to me, but people in general do not understand them.
- Mother Yaśodā Binds Lord Kṛṣṇa
- Deliverance of the Yamala-arjuna Trees
- Having thus spoken, Kṛṣṇa soon entered between the two arjuna trees, and thus the big mortar to which He was bound turned crosswise and stuck between them.
- O Lord, You exist before the creation. Therefore, who, trapped by a body of material qualities in this material world, can understand You?
- The Childhood Pastimes of Kṛṣṇa
- When Nanda Mahārāja saw his own son bound with ropes to the wooden mortar and dragging it, he smiled and released Kṛṣṇa from His bonds.
- Right by the reservoir, the boys saw a gigantic body resembling a mountain peak broken and struck down by a thunderbolt. They were afraid even to see such a huge living being.
- That great-bodied demon was named Bakāsura. He had assumed the body of a duck with a very sharp beak. Having come there, he immediately swallowed Kṛṣṇa.
- The words of persons in full knowledge of Brahman never become untrue. It is very wonderful that whatever Gargamuni predicted we are now actually experiencing in all detail.
- The Killing of the Demon Aghāsura
- The boys said: Dear friends, is this creature dead, or is it actually a living python with its mouth spread wide just to swallow us all? Kindly clear up this doubt.
- On the left and right, the two depressions resembling mountain caves are the corners of its mouth, and the high mountain peaks are its teeth.
- The hot fiery wind is the breath coming out of his mouth, which is giving off the bad smell of burning flesh because of all the dead bodies he has eaten.
- Brahmā Stealing the Boys and Calves
- I think we should take our lunch here, since we are already hungry because the time is very late. Here the calves may drink water and go slowly here and there and eat the grass.
- One day, five or six nights before the completion of the year, Kṛṣṇa, tending the calves, entered the forest along with Balarāma.
COMMENTARY
It would be a lie for Vasudeva to say to Nanda that in old age he had son. To say that he actually had a daughter would not be believed by Nanda. Therefore Vasudeva used the word “praja” which can mean offspring, either male or female. This word was also used because Vasudeva was in doubt as to whether Nanda understood that Vasudeva had put his own son in Yaśodā’s bed and taken away Nanda’s daughter.
|| 10.5.24 ||
diṣṭyā saṁsāra-cakre ’smin vartamānaḥ punar-bhavaḥ
upalabdho bhavān adya durlabhaṁ priya-darśanam
TRANSLATION
It is also by good fortune that I am seeing you. Having obtained this opportunity, I feel as if I have taken birth again. Even though one is present in this world, to meet with intimate friends and dear relatives in this material world is extremely difficult.
COMMENTARY
“Because I have met you today by good fortune, I have again taken birth in this world. Before meeting you my life was like death.”
|| 10.5.25 ||
naikatra priya-saṁvāsaḥ suhṛdāṁ citra-karmaṇām
oghena vyūhyamānānāṁ plavānāṁ srotaso yathā
TRANSLATION
Many planks and sticks, unable to stay together, are carried away by the force of a river’s waves. Similarly, although we are intimately related with friends and family members, we are unable to stay together because of our varied past deeds and the waves of time.
COMMENTARY
Anticipating the proposal, “If that is so, then now we can stay together,” Vasudeva speaks this verse: “Dear friend, just as twigs and grass cannot stay together in the flow of the river, we also cannot stay together.”
|| 10.5.26 ||
kaccit paśavyaṁ nirujaṁ bhūry-ambu-tṛṇa-vīrudham
bṛhad vanaṁ tad adhunā yatrāsse tvaṁ suhṛd-vṛtaḥ
TRANSLATION
My dear friend Nanda Mahārāja, in the place where you are living with your friends, is the forest favorable for the animals, the cows? I hope there is no disease or inconvenience. The place must be full of water, grass and other plants.
COMMENTARY
pasavyam: means beneficial for the animals. Niirujam becomes nirujam to suit the poetic meter.
|| 10.5.27 ||
bhrātar mama sutaḥ kaccin mātrā saha bhavad-vraje
tātaṁ bhavantaṁ manvāno bhavadbhyām upalālitaḥ
TRANSLATION
My son Baladeva, being raised by you and your wife, Yaśodādevī, considers you His father and mother. Is he living very peacefully in your home with His real mother, Rohiṇī?
COMMENTARY
“Is my child (Balarāma) happy? Does he think of you as His father?”
|| 10.5.28 ||
puṁsas tri-vargo vihitaḥ suhṛdo hy anubhāvitaḥ
na teṣu kliśyamāneṣu tri-vargo ’rthāya kalpate
TRANSLATION
When one’s friends and relatives are properly situated, one’s religion, economic development and sense gratification, as described in the Vedic literatures, are beneficial. Otherwise, if one’s friends and relatives are in distress, these three cannot offer any happiness.
COMMENTARY
To express the fact that his household life was a failure, Vasudeva spoke this verse. “For a man (puṁsas) three vargas (duties) are prescribed by the scripture for the purpose of satisfying his wife and children (suhrdaḥ). In my case, by being separated from wife and child and causing them suffering, and by not raising my son, the three vargas are useless. Thus my household life has been a failure.”
|| 10.5.29 ||
śrī-nanda uvāca
aho te devakī-putrāḥ kaṁsena bahavo hatāḥ
ekāvaśiṣṭāvarajā kanyā sāpi divaṁ gatā
TRANSLATION
Nanda Mahārāja said: Alas, King Kaṁsa killed so many of your children, born of Devakī. And your one daughter, the youngest child of all, entered the heavenly planets.
COMMENTARY
“You have asked me questions about Vraja, but what answer can I give? Seeing your suffering, I am suffering even more.” With this in mind, Nanda responds to Vasudeva’s inquiries by describing the death of Vasudeva’s sons and his daughter. Vasudeva was relieved and blissful upon hearing the reply, because he now understood that Nanda had not discovered that his child was placed in Yaśodā’s bed.
|| 10.5.30 ||
nūnaṁ hy adṛṣṭa-niṣṭho ’yam adṛṣṭa-paramo janaḥ
adṛṣṭam ātmanas tattvaṁ yo veda na sa muhyati
TRANSLATION
Every man is certainly controlled by destiny, which determines the results of one’s fruitive activities. In other words, one has a son or daughter because of unseen destiny, and when the son or daughter is no longer present, this also is due to unseen destiny. Destiny is the ultimate controller of everyone. One who knows this is never bewildered.
COMMENTARY
“O brother, though the ocean of calamity is difficult to cross, you can cross it on the boat of discrimination”
With this intention Nanda speaks this verse. “Man is ultimately under the control of destiny (adṛṣṭa-niṣṭho). Destiny gives happiness from children, but it also takes it away. Fate is supreme. It bestows children and also takes them away. There is no one equal to he who knows fate as the cause of happiness and distress. Therefore you should not be in confusion.”
|| 10.5.31 ||
śrī-vasudeva uvāca
karo vai vārṣiko datto rājñe dṛṣṭā vayaṁ ca vaḥ
neha stheyaṁ bahu-tithaṁ santy utpātāś ca gokule
TRANSLATION
Vasudeva said to Nanda Mahārāja: Now, my dear brother, since you have paid the annual taxes to Kaṁsa and have also seen me, do not stay in this place for many days. It is better to return to Gokula, since I know that there may be some disturbances there.
COMMENTARY
After hearing this advice from Nanda, Vasudeva spoke what he had come to say, which was a warning: “Certainly (vai) you have paid the annual tax to the king. Do not stay here a long time (bahu titham), for there are many disturbances in Gokula.”
|| 10.5.32 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca
iti nandādayo gopāḥ proktās te śauriṇā yayuḥ
anobhir anaḍud-yuktais tam anujñāpya gokulam
TRANSLATION
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After Vasudeva advised Nanda Mahārāja in this way, Nanda Mahārāja and his associates, the cowherd men, took permission from Vasudeva, yoked their bulls to the bullock carts, and started riding for Gokula.
Thus ends the commentary on the Fifth Chapter of the Tenth Canto of the Bhāgavatam for the pleasure of the devotees, in accordance with the previous ācāryas.
Chapter Six
|| 10.6.1 ||
śrī-śuka uvāca
nandaḥ pathi vacaḥ śaurer na mṛṣeti vicintayan
hariṁ jagāma śaraṇam utpātāgama-śaṅkitaḥ
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