G.Leech....According to Geoffrey Leech,

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G.Leech....According to Geoffrey Leech,

there is a politeness principle with conversational maxims similar to those formulated by Paul Grice. He lists six maxims: tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement, and sympathy. The first and second form a pair, as do the third and the fourth. These maxims vary from culture to culture: what may be considered polite in one culture may be strange or downright rude in another. Brown and Levinson outline various cases in which one might use the bald on-record strategy.

+ politeness strategies seek to minimize the

Threat to the hearer's positive face- - politeness strategies are oriented towards the hearer's negative face and emphasize avoidance of imposition on the hearer. By ittempting to avoid imposition from the speaker, the risk of face-threat to the hearer is reduced

16. Conversation Analysis (turn -taking, adjacency pairs, insertion sequence). Conv analysis is an approach to the study of social interaction, embracing both verbal and non-verbal conduct, in sit of everyday life. A conv is the impromptu, spontaneous, everyday exchange of talk between two or more people.. Turn-taking It is an evident fact about conversation is that it takes the form of turn taking: two or more participants take turns to speak. Adjacency Pairs Conversational actions tend to occur in pairs. We speak of an "exchange of opinions" and "an exchange of greetings" because many conv actions call for a particular kind of conv response in return. Insertion sequences

The persontowards whom the first part ofan adjacencypair has been directed maywant to undertakesome preliminary action»beforerespondin^with the second nart

17.CDA as an interdisciplinary approach.

Domains of CDA.Disc Analysis is an approach which works 'above the sentence' in its exploration of how highly conventionalised patterns of lang constructed by characteristic stylistic features, help to construct different accounts of social reality. f Critical Disc Analysis (CDA), which is considered to be an interdisciplinary approach to the study of disc that views language as a form of social practice.. CDA analyses real, and often extended, samples of spoken and written disc.

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