C Present perfect and past perfect
Содержание книги
- C Finished and unfinished periods of time
- Ever + present perfect or simple past
- Finished and unfinished periods of time
- Complete the sentences, using the present perfect to make it clear that the periods of time have not finished yet.
- A Stative verbs + for and since
- E Completed actions over a period of time
- Some of the following sentences are right and some are wrong. Put a tick [√] next to the ones that are right, and correct the ones that are wrong.
- Look at the chart and read through this extract from an advertisement about the Emerging Markets Fund. Put the verbs into the present perfect tense.
- Using the notes, write about what has happened in the recent past.
- C Finished and unfinished activities
- Complete the sentences by putting the verbs into the present perfect continuous.
- Finished and unfinished activities
- Write short paragraphs answering the questions, giving details about the activities that have been going on.
- Review: simple past, present perfect
- and present perfect continuous
- C Present perfect simple+ for and since
- D Present perfect continuous. Exercise 1. Simple past vs present Perfect (1). Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined verbs. Put a tick next to the ones that are right, and correct the ones that are wrong.. Exercise 2. Simple past vs Presen
- Present perfect and Present perfect Continuous
- Translate these words and word combinations into Ukrainian.
- Find the English equivalents.. Translate into English.
- B Points of the time in the past
- Choose the correct tense, simple past or continuous.
- Read each set of sentences. Decide the order in which things happened. Begin each pair of answers with the same words.
- Explain what was happening up to the point when the following events took place. Use because + the past continuous.
- B Previous and subsequent events
- C Present perfect and past perfect
- Previous and subsequent events
- Complete the following sentences using the past perfect.
- Continue the sentences. Say what activities had been going on.
- C Future time words+ Present simple
- D Offers. Promises. Requests. Etc
- Rewrite the following sentences using will or won’t.
- Complete the sentences using a verb in the present tense.
- The future (2): the present continuous and going to
- Present continuous arrangements
- B Going to – decisions and intentions
- Two managers of an engineering company are trying to arrange a meeting. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous.
- Fill in the blanks with the correct from of the future, using will or going to.
- Write a short paragraph about the arrangements than been made for the CEO of a major American bank to open the new European HQ in London.
- Find the English equivalents.. Translate into English.
- The future (3): other future tenses
- C Will be doing. D Will have done. Exercise 1. Was going to – changed plans. Two colleagues are discussing the changes in the plans for a new office. Fill the blanks with was/were going to and is/are going to.. Exercise 2. Look through the notes about the
- Changed arrangements – problem solving
- Answer the following questions about yourself in 20 years’ time.
- The future (4): possibility and probability
- A Definitely, probably, etc.. B likely to, certain to. C I think, I doubt
- Complete the sentences with be + certain to, likely to, or unlikely to.
- B Match the sentences in column A with sentences in column B that have a similar meaning.
- Make predictions about what changes will happen in the next few years.
- Final business Grammar &vocabulary tests
C Present perfect and past perfect
The past perfect acts as the past form of the present perfect (see Units 5-9).
It is often used with adverbs like just, already, never. Compare:
I am nervous because I have never given a presentation.
(I am about to give a presentation.)
I was nervous because I had never given a presentation.
(I gave a presentation yesterday.)
The past perfect is often used in reported speech structures (see Units 30-31) and in 3rd conditionals (see Unit 21).
D Past perfect continuous
The past perfect continuous is formed by using the auxiliary had been+ the -ing form of the verb (I/he/you/etc. had (not) been working).
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about how long an activity has been going on up to the present (see Unit 6). We use the past perfect continuous to talk about the duration of an activity up to a point in the past.
Compare:
I have been working here for six months. (I am still working here now.)
When I left my last job, I had been working there for four years. (I started in 1990 and I left in 1994.)
We do not use the past perfect continuous with stative verbs like know, like, etc. (see Unit 3). Instead, we use the past perfect:
When they met again, they had not seen each other for 15 years.
Exercise 1
Form
Complete the sentences by putting the verb into the past perfect.
1. Did you manage to see the Director, or had he gone (he/go) by the Time you got there?
2. I couldn’t get into the office yesterday morning because I ______ (leave) my keys at home.
3. We could not call our new low-fat spread Mono, because one of our competitors ______ (already /choose) the name.
4. I found out about the vacancy too late .When my application form arrived, they ______ (appoint) someone.
5. By the time he sold off the shares, his original investment ______ (grow) by 83%.
6. He found his first few weeks at Ernst & Young very difficult because he ______ (not / study) accountancy before.
7. When I got back to the office, I was surprised to hear that the manager ______ (put) someone else in charge of my main project.
8. The bank returned the cheque to me because I ______ (not/sign) it.
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