He ordered Alderson to perfect his plan.(Dreiser)

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They only allow me to write one letter in three months. (Dreiser)

7. The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is used after verbs denoting compulsion: to make (in the meaning of'заставить')' to cause (in the meaning of'заставить', 'распорядиться'), to get (in the meaning of'добиться'), to have (in the meaning of'заставить: сказать чтобы').

Light steps in the gravel made him turn his head. (London) — Легкие шаги по гравию заставили его повернуть голову.

The noise caused her to awake. — Or шума она проснулась (шум заставил ее проснуться).

She caused a telegram to be sent to him.(Galsworthy) – Онараспорядилась, чтобы ему послали телеграмму.

I cannot get her to finish her lessons.(А. ВгоМё) — Я не могудобиться, чтобы она приготовила уроки.

Mr. Dalrymple had the drayman bring in the soap.(Dreiser) —Мистер Далримпл велел возчику внести мыло в дом.

8. Though the infinitive as a rule is not used with verbs requir­ing prepositions, the Objective with the Infinitive is widely used with the preposition for (see the /ог-fo-Infinitive Construction used in the function of a complex object, § 34). Occasionally it occurs with the preposition on or upon (after the verb to rely):

I rely on you to come in time. — Я рассчитываю, что вы при­дете вовремя.

I rely upon you not to go over to the opposition. (Dickens) — Я рассчитываю, что вы не перейдете на сторону противника.

The gerund, however, is also possible here.

I rely on your coming in time. — Я рассчитываю, что вы при­дете вовремя.

§ 33. The Subjective Infinitive Construction.

The Subjective Infinitive Construction (traditionally called the Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction) is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case.

The peculiarity of this construction is that it does not serve as one part of the sentence: one of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate.

Edith is said to resemble me. (Dickens) — Говорят, что Эдит похожа на меня.

THE USE OF THE SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

The Subjective Infinitive Construction is used with the following groups of verbs in the Passive Voice:

1. With verbs denoting sense perception: to see, to hear, etc.

Mr. Bob Sawyer was heard to laugh heartily. (Dickens Слышно было, как весело смеется Боб Сойер. The rider was seen to disappear in the distance. — Видно было, как всадник скрылся вдали.

If a process is expressed Participle I Indefinite Active is used.

Tess's father was heard approaching at that moment. (Har­dy) — В этот момент они услышали, что подходит отец Тэсс.

2. With verbs denoting mental activity: to think, to consider; to know, to expect, to believe, to suppose.

He was thought to be honest and kindly. (Dreiser) — Его счи­тали честным и добрым человеком.

My father... was considered by many to be a great man. (Gow and D'Usseau) — Многие считали моего отца незаурядным человеком.

Philip Bosinney was known to be a young man without fortune. (Galsworthy) — Было известно, что Филипп Босн­ии — молодой человек без состояния.

I know that Priam Farll is supposed to have been buried in Westminster Abbey. (Bennett) — Я знаю, что считают (пред­полагают), будто бы Приам Фарл похоронен в Вестминстер­ском Аббатстве.

The manuscript is believed to have been written in the 15th century. — Полагают, что эта рукопись написана в XV веке.

3. With the verb to make.

Little Abrahamwas aroused... and made to put on his clothes.. (Hardy) — Маленького Эбрахама разбудили и заставили одеться.

4. With the verbs to say and to report.

The gods had given Irene dark-brown eyes and golden hair, which is said to be the mark of a weak character. (Galsworthy) — Бо­ги наделили Ирэн темно-карими глазами и золотистыми волосами, что, как говорят, является признаком слабости характера

From these examples we can see that in translating sentences con­taining the Subjective Infinitive Construction after verbs in the Passive

Voice a complex sentence is mostly used: its principal clause is of the type which in Russian syntax is called 'indefinite personal' (неопре­деленно-личное предложение).

After verbs in the Passive Voice the Subjective Infinitive Construc­tion is more characteristic of literary than of colloquial style, except with the verbs to suppose, to expect, to make; with these verbs the Subjective Infinitive can be found both in fiction and in colloquial language.

The Subjective Infinitive Construction is used with the word-groups to be likely, to be sure, and to be certain.

The parish is not likely to quarrel with him for the right to keep the child. (Eliot) — Приход вряд ли будет оспаривать у него право содержать этого ребенка.

But he is sure to marry her. (Hardy) — Но он бесспорно (не­сомненно) женится на ней.

This fire is certain to produce a panic in the morning. (Drei­ser) — Этот пожар бесспорно (несомненно) вызовет утром панику.

Sentences of this kind are rendered in Russian by a simple sentence with a modal word.

Note the difference between:

He is sure to come. — Он обязательно придет. He is sure of coming. — Он уверен, что он придет.

The Subjective Infinitive Construction is used with the following pairs of synonyms: to seem and to appear; to happen and to chance (the latter is literary); to prove and to turn out.

Theyseemed to have quite forgotten him already. (Hardy) — Они, казалось (по-видимому), уже совершенно забыли его.Her eyesappeared always to gaze beyond, and far beyond. (E. Bronte) — Ее глаза, казалось, всегда были устремлены куда-то далеко-далеко.

Mrs. Cowperwood, in spite of the difference in their years, ap­peared to be a fit mate for him at this time. (Dreiser) — Не­смотря на разницу в возрасте, миссис Каупервуд в этот период его жизни, по-видимому (казалось), была для него подходящей женой.

Only yesterday we happened to see Scames Forsyte. (Gals­worthy) — Только вчера мы случайно встретили Сомса Фор­сайта.

By 11 o'clock her motherhad chanced to look into her room (Dreiser) — Около 11 часов мать случайно заглянула к ней в комнату.

The experiment proved to be a failure. (Collins) — Опыт ока­зался неудачным.

They all turned out to be good fighters. (Gow and D'Usseau) ^ Все они оказались хорошими бойцами.

N о t е. The infinitive in sentences with the Subjective Infinitive Construc­tion cannot refer to a future action except with verbs and word-groups whose meaning allows of it: to expect, to be sure (certain), to be likely.

We are sure to come at the heart of the matter. (Dickens) - Мы обязательно доберемся до сути дела. Не is expected to give us an answer tomorrow. — Ожидают, что он даст нам ответ завтра.

§ 34. The fог-to-Infinitive Construction.

The for-to-Infinitive Construction is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun or pronoun preceded by the preposition for.

In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.

The construction can have different functions in the sentence.^[5] It can be:

1. Subject (often with the introductory it).

For me to ask would be treason, and for me to be told would be treason. (Wilson) — Если бы я спросила, это было бы предательством; если бы мне сказали, это было бы преда­тельством.

I sometimes think it is a shame for people to spend so much money this way. (Dreiser) — Я часто думаю, что стыдно людям тратить на это так много денег.

2. Predicative.

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