The noun has certainsyntactical characteristics.

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The chief syntactical functions of the noun in the sentence are those of thesubject and theobject. But it may also be used as anattribute or apredicative.

¹ Gender, i. e. the distinction of nouns into masculine, feminine and neuter, may be expressed lexically by means of different words or word-compounds:

father — mother

boy — girl

man — woman

gentleman — lady

husband — wife

boy-friend — girl-friend

cock-sparrow — hen-sparrow

man-servant — maid-servant

Very often personal or possessive pronouns indicate the gender of the noun. (See Chapter IV.)

Thesun was rising in all his splendid beauty. (Dickens) (SUB­JECT)

Troy and Yates followed thetourists. (Heym) (OBJECT)

He (Bosinney) was anarchitect... (Galsworthy) (PREDICATIVE)

Mary brought in the fruit on a tray and with it aglass bowl, and a blue dish... (Mansfield) (ATTRIBUTE; the noun glass is used in the common case)

The hero and heroine, of course, just arrived from hisfather'syacht. (Mansfield) (ATTRIBUTE; the noun father is used in the genitive case)

A noun preceded by a preposition (a prepositional phrase) may be used asattribute, prepositional indirect object, andadverbial modifier.

To the left were clean panesof glass. (Ch. Bronte) (ATTRI­BUTE)

Bicket did not answer, his throat felt too dry. He had heardof the police. (Galsworthy) (OBJECT)

She wentinto the drawing-room and lighted the fire. (Mansfield) (ADVERBIAL MODIFIER)

"Stop everything, Laura!" cried Josein astonishment. (Mans­field) (ADVERBIAL MODIFIER)

The noun is generally associated with thearticle. Because of the comparative scarcity of morphological distinctions in English in some cases only articles show that the word is a noun.

A noun can be modified by an adjective, a pronoun, by another noun or by verbals.

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