General classification of the parts of speech............................................... 18 


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General classification of the parts of speech............................................... 18

General classification of the parts of speech............................................... 18

Chapter I.The Noun

§1. Definition............................................................................................................... 19

§ 2. Morphological characteristics............................................................................ 19

§ 3. Syntactical characteristics.................................................................................. 19

§ 4. Morphological composition................................................................................ 20

§5. Classification........................................................................................................ 21

§ 6. The category of number....................................................................................... 24

§7. The category of case............................................................................................ 28

Chapter II.The Article

§1. General notion......................................................................................................... 32

Use of articles with common nouns................................................................................ 33

§ 2-4. Class nouns......................................................................................................... 33

§ 5-7. Nouns of material............................................................................................... 38

§ 8-11. Abstract nouns.................................................................................................. 39

Use of articles with proper nouns................................................................................... 40

§ 12. Names of people.................................................................................................. 40

§ 13. Geographical names............................................................................................ 42

§ 14. Names of hotels, ships, newspapers and magazines....................................... 43

§ 15. Names of cardinal points.................................................................................... 43

§ 16. Names of months and days................................................................................. 43

§ 17. Nouns modified by proper nouns...................................................................... 44

Use of articles with nouns in some set expressions................................................ 44

§ 18. The use of the indefinite article with nouns in set expressions.................... 44

§ 19. The use of the definite article with nouns in set expressions....................... 45

§ 20. Nouns in set expressions used without an article........................................... 46

Use of articles in some syntactic relations................................................................. 48

§ 21. The use of articles with predicative nouns...................................................... 48

§ 22. The use of articles with nouns in apposition................................................... 49

§ 23. The use of articles with nouns used in address............................................... 50

§ 24. Place of the article................................................................................................ 50

§ 25. Ways of expressing the meaning of the English articles in Russian............ 51

Special difficulties in the use of articles...................................................................... 52

§ 26. The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening................. 52

§ 27. The use of articles with names of seasons........................................................ 52

§ 28. The use of articles with the nouns school, college, university, bed,

prison Jail, church............................................................................................... 53

§ 29. The use of articles with the noun town............................................................. 54

§ 30. The use of articles with the names of meals..................................................... 54

§ 31. The use of articles with names of languages.................................................... 55

Use of articles with nouns modified

by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.......................................................... 55

§ 32. Most........................................................................................................................ 55

§ 33. Few, a few, the few; little, a little, the little....................................................... 56

§ 34. Two, the two; three, the three, etc...................................................................... 57

§ 35. The second, a second........................................................................................... 57

§ 36. Another, the other................................................................................................ 57

§ 37. Last, the last.......................................................................................................... 58

§ 38. Next, the next......................................................................................................... 58

§ 39. A number, the number.......................................................................................... 58

Omission of the article......................................................................................................... 58

Chapter III.The Adjective

§ 1. Definition................................................................................................................. 60

§ 2. Morphological characteristics.............................................................................. 60

§ 3. Spelling rules........................................................................................................... 61

§ 4. Syntactical characteristics.................................................................................... 61

§ 5. Morphological composition.................................................................................. 61

§ 6. Classification of adjectives................................................................................... 62

§ 7. Grammatical characteristics of qualitative adjectives...................................... 63

§ 8. Grammatical characteristics of relative adjectives........................................... 63

§ 9. Substantivized adjectives...................................................................................... 64

Chapter IV.The Pronoun

§1. Definition............................................................................................................... 65

§ 2. Classification of pronouns.................................................................................. 65

§ 3. Personal pronouns................................................................................................ 66

§ 4. Possessive pronouns............................................................................................ 67

§ 5. Reflexive pronouns.............................................................................................. 68

§6. Reciprocal pronouns............................................................................................ 70

§ 7. Demonstrative pronouns..................................................................................... 71

§8.    Interrogative pronouns........................................................................................ 72

§ 9.   Relative pronouns................................................................................................ 74

§ 10. Conjunctive pronouns........................................................................................ 75

§11. Defining pronouns................................................................................................ 76

§ 12. Indefinite pronouns............................................................................................. 79

§ 13. Negative pronouns.............................................................................................. 83

Chapter V.The Numeral

§1. Definition............................................................................................................... 86

§ 2. Cardinal numerals................................................................................................. 86

§ 3. The functions of cardinal numerals in a sentence........................................... 86

§ 4. Ordinal numerals................................................................................................... 87

§ 5. The functions of ordinal numerals in a sentence............................................. 87

Chapter VI.The Words of the Category of State

§1. Definition................................................................................................................. 89

§ 2—4. Morphological composition and use............................................................ 89

Chapter VII.The Verb

§1. Definition................................................................................................................. 91

§ 2. Morphological structure....................................................................................... 91

§3. Basic forms.............................................................................................................. 91

§ 4. Syntactic function.................................................................................................. 94

§ 5. Transitive and intransitive verbs......................................................................... 95

§ 6. Lexical characteristics.......................................................................................... 96

§7—10. Grammatical categories................................................................................. 97



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