Read and translate the text, do the exercises given below.

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2. Read and translate the text, do the exercises given below.

TEXT 2. PLASTIC

    Plasticis usually organic polymer with high molecular massderived from petrochemicals (нефтехимические вещества), but there is plastic which is partially natural. Plastic is a building material consisting of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organics that can be moulded into solid objects of diverse shapes. Plasticity is the general property of this material.

    Plastic has appeared comparatively recently but, owing to its valuable and diverse properties, has found a wide application in construction and many other industries (machine-building, aviation, textile industry, etc.). Plastic combines all the fine characteristics of a building material with good insulating properties. It is no wonder that architects and engineers have turned to it to add beauty to modern houses and offices. Application of plastic in the building field widens from year to year.

    With respect to physical and mechanical properties at a normal temperature of 20 °С all plastics are divided into rigid (жесткий), semi-rigid, soft and plastic. As to the number of constituents plastics may be classified as simple and complex. In the building field we usually deal with complex plastics, e.g. plastics consisting of a polymer and other components.

    Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, large assortment, and water-resistance, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products, from paper clips to spaceships. In some fields they have already displaced many traditional materials, such as wood, stone, leather, metal, glass, and ceramics. The world’s first fully synthetic plastic was bakelite (бакелит, жесткая пластмасса) invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland who introduced the term “plastic”. Many chemists contributed to the materials science of plastic, including Nobel winner Herman Staudinger who has been called “the father of polymer physics”.

    The main properties of plastic are:

· durability;

· cost effectiveness;

· recycling;

· energy saving;

· safety;

· ease of installation and maintenance.

1. Give the Russian for:

Glassmaking, clear window, glass pane, glass roof, safety of plastics, organic polymer, high molecular mass, relatively low cost, piping, bakelite, synthetic and semi-synthetic organics, partially natural, petrochemicals.

2. Give the English for:

Смесь песка и различных силикатов, хрупкий материал, обжиговая печь, изобретение стекла, стеклянный строительный кирпич, пропускать свет, простота при установке и в уходе, пластик, пластичный, пластичность, водонепроницаемый материал.

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