Match the terms with their definitions.

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EXERCISES

1. Give the Russian for:

Conception, fabrication, erection, planning, client, walls, computer simulation, heating, ventilating, structural framework, floors.

2. Give the English for:

Рабочие чертежи, работа в команде, рутинная работа, ответственная работа, финансировать проект, подрядчик, соответствовать требованиям заказчика, консультант, тендерная документация, отделочные работы, руководить строительством, установка оборудования, отвечать за безопасность, сократить последствия разрушения.

3. Match the terms with their definitions.

1. An architect is …a) a person who needs a structure and who finances the project

2. An engineer is …b) a person who works out the plan for some kind of structural work (for example a house, a bridge, a heating system etc.)

3. A structural designer

c) an occupation which requires a specialized education and training

is …

4.

A client is …

d) a specialist who carries out

fabrication and erection of a

structure

5.

A consultant is …

e) a member of engineering

profession, a specialist with higher

or special education

6.

A contractor is…

f) a specialist who prepares tender

documents and supervises

construction

7.

A profession is …

g) a qualified specialist who carries

out architectural designing and

interior solutions

4. Read and translate the text, do the exercises given below.

TEXT 3. NEED FOR AND USE OF STRUCTURES

Structures are one of mankind’s basic needs next to food and clothing, and they are a feature of civilization. The main purpose of structures is to carry loads and transfer them to the ground. Structures may be classified according to use and need. A general classification is:

· residential – houses, apartments;

· commercial – offices, banks, department stores, shopping centres;

· educational – schools, universities;

· social – exhibition halls, theatres, museums, art galleries, leisure centres, sports stadiums, etc.;

· industrial – factories, plants, warehouses*, power stations, aircraft hangars* etc.

Speaking of residential construction we must say that the apartment houses are mostly built to suit urban conditions. Mass housing* provides home for many families and is at once public and private. The techniques of construction or the methods by which structures are formed from particular materials are influenced not only by the availability and character of materials but also the total technological development of a society. Present-days designs for residential construction include all modern conveniences for a dwelling*; they advocate larger, better built and better equipped flats and houses. There is a marked improvement in the heating and ventilating systems as well as in hot-water supply, kitchen and sanitary fittings*.

Industrial buildings comprise another significant type of construction. Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of reinforced concrete arches, metal frames, and glass walls.

Other important engineering structures are:

· bridges;

· towers – water towers*, pylons*, lighting towers* etc.;

· special structures – offshore structures, car parks, radio telescopes, mining structures etc.

Notes:

warehouses – склады

aircraft hangars – ангары для самолетов

mass housing – массовое жилищное строительство или застройка

1.

facilities – оборудование

dwelling – жильё, жилище

sanitary fittings – сантехника

water towers – водонапорные башни

2.

pylons – опоры

lighting towers – маяки

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