Match English and Russian equivalents.

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2. Match English and Russian equivalents.

1.

Engineer

a)

проект

2.

Designer

b)

проектировщик

3.

Construction

c)

управление

4.

Architect

d)

исследователь

5.

Civil engineering

e)

промышленность

6.

Material engineering

f)

инженер

7.

Structural engineering

g) гражданское

строительство

8.

Project

h) исследование

9.

Management

i)

механика

10. Industry

j)

материаловедение

11.

Research

k) сооружение

12.

Researcher

l) профессия

13.

Mechanics

m)проектирование

зданий

14.

Profession

n) архитектор

3. Analyze the information from the text and match each type of engineering with its scope.

TYPE OF ENGINEERING

SCOPE

1.

Civil engineering is …

a) purification, water supply,

control of different fluids and

sewage

2.

Structural engineering is …

b) studying, creating and

testing building materials and

their composites

3.

Water supply and sewage

c) designing and constructing

engineering is …

buildings, roads, bridges

4.

Material engineering is …

d) constructing permanent

structures like houses,

hospitals, schools

4. Find correct answers for the questions.

1. What is engineering?

2. What areas of activity does civil engineering cover?

3. What are the main subdivisions of civil engineering?

5. Read and translate the text using the dictionary.

TEXT 2. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Structural engineering covers the conception*, planning, designing, drawings and construction for all types of structures, that support their own weight and the loads they carry, and that resist extreme forces from wind, earthquakes, temperature and others. Bridges, buildings, and Рис.13                                    many kinds of projects are included with this speciality. Structural engineers develop appropriate combinations of steel, concrete, timber, plastic and new exotic materials. They also plan and design, and visit projects sites to make sure work is done properly.

Professional engineers work as a team at any given project under the overall control of an architect for a building structure. Don’t think that structural engineers’ work is mechanical or routine in nature; it is useful to consider his/her position in building construction where the parties involved are:

· the client (or owning organization), who has a need for a given building and will finance the project;

· the architect, who produces proposals* in the form of building plans and models (or a computer simulation) to meet the client's requirements, who controls the project and who engages consultants to bring the proposals into being.

· consultants (structural, mechanical, electrical, heating and ventilating etc.), who carry out the detail design, prepare working drawings and tender documents and supervise construction;

· contractors, who carry out fabrication and erection of the structural framework, floors, walls, finishes and

· installation of equipment and services.

The structural engineers work as the members of a team, and to operate successfully it is necessary to have knowledge, experience and the ability to do their work with great responsibility. Their role may be summarized as planning, design preparation of drawings and tender documents and supervision of construction.

They make decisions about materials, structural Fig.14

 form and design methods to be used. They are responsible for safety and must ensure that the consequences of failure* due to accidental causes are limited.

Notes:

                               conception – концепция, понятие proposal – предложение

consequences of failure – последствия разрушения

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